The qualitative approach to research follows a more holistic path to collecting and analyzing data. This approach is more subjective, focusing on interaction and a broader set of data than quantitative research. Still, this method includes data collection to support findings. Data is generally collected via interviews, observations, and focus groups, focusing on the inductive process of analysis. Information here is focused on the "why" and "how" viewed through the lens of those at the center of the research, leading to data that describes information in ways beyond statistics and numbers.
In my research plan based on mental health and the link to a feeling of connectedness at school, my qualitative data includes pre and post-test observations that allow the researcher to understand a holistic view of students' feelings (other than what is reported via survey).
The quantitative approach to research focuses more directly on data, numbers and using the scientific method. Where a qualitative method is more subjective, a quantitative approach focuses on more objective and statistically driven findings. Data collection may take the form of questionnaire and recognizing statistical patterns, focusing on the deductive process of analysis.
In my research plan, quantitative data is collected through student response on a Likert-type scale, both before and after an activity focused on building student feelings of well-being.
The mixed methods research approach takes the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and combines them. This approach, while broader by nature, looks to incorporate information from many areas to encapsulate an eclectic analysis method.
Action research is a systematic method that focuses on answering questions and gathering information, especially in working with schools, teachers and students (Mertler, 2019, pp. 5-7). As Mertler mentions, this step-by-step, scientific method-based process helps to better understand information more objectively. When looking at broad concepts that require some subjective insight, having a more objective format helps to create a balanced look.
Mertler explains the four steps as:
Though there are multiple ways to look at the design flow of action research, this example provided me with a foundation to start my own research plan.
My plan focused on understanding students well-being at school, and understanding how a sense of connection to a school can impact the well being of students. My goal was to understand the connection between mental health and a sense of belonging, with future considerations to how this might affect a student. The action plan took a considerable effort to flush out, but I am satisfied with having gained a better understanding of the process.
References
Mertler, C.A. (2020). Action Research. (6 th edition). SAGE Publications.
Surenden, Anup (2019). Qualitative Data. QuestionPro.
Ozmon, H.A. (2012). Philosophical Foundations of Education. (9 th edition). Pearson Education,
Inc.