OT Newsletter

March

~Sensory~

This month we are going to take a look at sensory processing. Every kid (and adult) has sensory needs. Children need to breathe clean air, drink fresh water and be fed nutritious food. The need for tactile, vestibular, oral, auditory and proprioceptive input should be treated as a priority too!

Just in case you thought there were only five senses...

There are three often-overlooked senses that are VITAL to every human's well being.

The vestibular sense relates to all things MOVEMENT. The inner ear is the powerhouse for this sense. Balance, vision and the ability to be calm or alert are all closely tied in with vestibular input.

The interoceptive sense relates to the recognition of INTERNAL BODY FUNCTIONS. Being aware of hunger or fullness, needing to use the bathroom, and so much more is handled by the interoceptive system.

The proprioceptive sense is related to BODY AWARENESS. It relates to pressure and work on the joints and ligaments that connect the body. Some key ways of getting proprioceptive input is through "heavy work" (like climbing, pushing, pulling) and weight. This sense is hands down the key to helping the other senses functioning properly.

In the following newsletter, we will examine what sensory needs look like, how the brain interacts with the senses and picking the perfect sensory activity to do with your child.

Enjoy!

The Dunkirk OT department

What Do Sensory Needs Look Like?

Most adults seek out sensory input in socially acceptable ways

Are you a pen clicker or a hair twirler? That's tactile input!

When you cross your legs, do you bounce your foot up and down? That's vestibular input.

Do you tap your fingers when you're impatient or nervous? That's proprioceptive input.

Chew on your pen cap or bite your fingernails? Oral sensory needs!

Hate the sound of nails on a chalkboard? That's auditory input.

But kids don't always get their sensory needs met in "convenient" ways.

Kids may scream when a public toilet flushes. That's auditory input.

Kids may suck on their shirt collars. That's oral input.

Kids may hang upside down off the couch while watching TV. That's vestibular input.

Kids may freak out if their socks aren't just right. That's tactile input.

Kids may crash into things or headbang. That's proprioceptive input.

One of the most baffling things about sensory needs is the ever-changing seemingly random behavior they cause. Getting below the surface and discovering the WHY behind their actions can take time, creativity and experience.

The thing to always keep reminding yourself as the adult is, these needs are real needs for this particular child. True, the need can be met in different ways, and that's where the benefit of sensory activities can really shine.

How the Brain Interacts with the Senses

The brain has an intense amount of information coming into it every single millisecond. The brain clearly can't focus on all of the input at once, it has to sort through it and find what is most important for the health of the body and the happiness of the child.

When you burn your hand, all other sensations take a back seat to the pain of the burn. This is obviously vital to our safety and ability to function!

When the sensory systems are out of whack, the brain has trouble regulating or choosing the most paramount input to respond to.

This exhibits itself in two primary ways.

Seekers

Seekers are the kids that have important sensory input that "gets lost" along the way. Their brains don't register certain input or give the input the attention it deserves. So to compensate, the child seeks out the sense that they desperately need.

Avoiders

Avoiders are the kids that are hyper-aware of certain sensory input and can't push the input to the "back burner" of the brain. This often triggers the fight or flight response and can escalate to a full-on meltdown.

Can my child be both?

The most common mistake is assuming that each child is either a seeker or avoider. Kids can be any combination of seekers or avoiders in every sense. And just to make things extra confusing, all the senses overlap and a child's ability to regulate and handle sensory input depends on what kind of input they get throughout the day. One day they love running barefoot through the grass, the next day they may not be able to tolerate it.

So how can you help kids handle all the sensory input that is thrown at them???

Two words.

Sensory. Activities.

Picking the perfect sensory activity

But how do you know what sensory activities to do?

Two things to keep in mind:

Proprioception is the ruler over all the other senses. Proprioceptive activities help the brain organize and regulate, making it so much easier to handle all the other sensory input coming its way.
Seekers AND avoiders will both benefit from sensory play in that particular sense.

For example, if you have a tactile seeker, that means the child tends to UNDER register tactile input. Their brain thinks they're lacking tactile input so the child craves more and more. That might look like the kids that always end up covered in mud or touching every germy thing when they're out in public.

It makes sense that the way to help these kids is to give them even more tactile input, but in a social acceptable way (like sensory bins or fidgets).

But what about tactile avoiders? They will benefit from more tactile input as well!

But your approach is going to look a lot different! Remember, these kids OVER register tactile input. Their brain overreacts to tactile input and often responds with a genuine fight or flight response. For them, sensory input should be gradual and FUN! You're trying to present something they are fearful of in a new and enticing way. While the seeker may dive right in to a sensory bin, avoiders may barely stick a single finger in.

Be patient, go slow. Try again on multiple days. Often times, the twelfth time's the charm with avoiders. Don't push, keep it fun!