Ethnic Groups

Major Ethnic Groups

While the majority (~98%) of the population are Bengali, Bangladesh is home to over 45 recognized indigenous ethnic communities, mainly concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and northern plains.

1. Chakma

• Location: Rangamati, Khagrachari, Bandarban.

• Language: Chakma (Indo-Aryan script & dialect).

• Known for weaving, Buddhist traditions, and colorful tribal dress.

2. Marma

• Location: Bandarban, Khagrachari.

• Language: Marma (related to Burmese).

• Follow Theravada Buddhism and celebrate Sangrai (water festival).

3. Tripura

• Location: Khagrachari, Chattogram.

• Language: Kokborok.

• Known for gudok (bamboo-made drink) and colorful dance.

4. Mro

• Location: Bandarban.

• Language: Mro (Tibeto-Burman).

• Known for traditional bamboo houses and animist beliefs.

5. Santals

• Location: Rajshahi, Naogaon, Dinajpur.

• Language: Santali.

• Agricultural community with rich folklore and music.

6. Garo

• Location: Mymensingh, Netrokona.

• Language: Garo (Tibeto-Burman).

• Matrilineal society, Christian influence, and vibrant Wangala harvest festival.

7. Khasi

• Location: Sylhet.

• Language: Khasi.

• Famous for betel leaf cultivation and traditional tribal music.

8. Bawm

• Location: Bandarban.

• Language: Bawm (Tibeto-Burman).

• Christian-majority, skilled in handicrafts.