Structure Design SERVICES

Continuous wall footings are used to support the foundation walls and load-bearing walls. Generally, the width of the footing should be at least equal to twice the width of the wall that is rested on it.

Isolated footings are used as shallow foundations to transfer concentrated loads to the ground. This kind of footing can be a Pad, stepped, sloped, or with an isolated beam and slab. Where good soil is available, these footings are economical.

Combined footings are used to transfer loads of closely spaced columns to the ground or when the column faces the boundary of plot. Combined footing may be trapezoidal or rectangular in plan. Atrapezoidal footing is provided when the load of one column isgreater than the other.

Strip footings are used to transfer loads of closely spaced rows of columns to the ground. It is used when the row of a column is closely spaced and their spread footings overlap with each other.

When the distance between the two columns supported on a combined footing becomes large, the cost increases rapidly. The strap footing is an economical option in such cases.

If loads transmitted by the columns in a structure are heavy and the allowable soil pressure is small then footing requires more area. In such a case, it may be better to provide continuous footing under all columns and walls. It is widely used when soil has low load-bearingcapacity

Piles are used as deep foundations where the soil is very weak and has a higher groundwater table. When the soil has a low bearing capacity or the groundwater level is high, pile footings are applied. Piles are common while buildingfoundations for bridges, dams, etc.

Plinth beam is a beam in a framed structure provided at or above(sometimes below) ground level that takes the load of the wall built on top of it. Most other beams are subjected to loads not only from walls but also the load from the slab, such as dead loads (self-weight of the slab, floor finish etc.) and live load. Plinth beams also serve another indirect purpose – they reduce the length of the columns there by reducing their effective length and slenderness.

A lintel beam is crucial structural element in modern construction. It provides support & strength to openings like doors, windows and arches. Lintel beam help distribute the load of the wall above the openings to the sides, preventing structural failures. 

Detailing of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) beams is a critical aspect of structural design that ensures the strength, durability, and safety of a structure. It involves specifying the size, placement, and number of reinforcing bars (rebars) within the concrete to resist tensile, compressive, and shear forces effectively. Proper detailing includes determining the correct cover for the rebars to protect them from environmental factors, calculating the spacing between bars to prevent cracking, and designing the anchorage and lap splices to ensure continuity and load transfer.

Construction projects get scale and height based on formwork and shuttering designs, and steel and concrete material pouring. Without accurate designs, there is a greater likelihood of construction failures.