Research Citations

American Adoptions. "LGBTQ Adoption: Can Same-Sex Couples Adopt?" American Adoptions. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.americanadoptions.com/adopt/LGBT_adoption.

American Civil Liberties Union. "Discriminatory Treatment in Foster Parenting and Adoptions." ACLU. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.aclu.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/lgbtq-parenting/discriminatory-treatment-foster-parenting-and-adoptions.

———. "In the Child's Best Interests: Defending Fair and Sensible Adoption Policies." ACLU. Last modified April 30, 1998. https://www.aclu.org/documents/childs-best-interests-defending-fair-and-sensible-adoption-policies.

———. "LGBT Parenting." ACLU. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.aclu.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/lgbtq-parenting.

Anderson, Eric. "homophobia." Britannica. Last modified October 20, 2023. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/topic/homophobia/Contemporary-attitudes-toward-homosexuality.

Bever, Lindsey. "Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows." The Washington Post. Last modified July 7, 2014. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/07/children-of-same-sex-couples-are-happier-and-healthier-than-peers-research-shows/.

Brown, Jay, and Human Rights Campaign Foundation. "2021 Changemakers Report." Human Rights Campaign Foundation. Last modified 2021. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://reports.hrc.org/2021-change-makers-report?_ga=2.140779825.2027399121.1697418317-1853418345.1697418317#map-of-participants.

Centennial College, Kritee Ahmed, Paula Anderton, Selom Chapman-Nyaho, Sein Kipusi, Athanasios Tom Kokkinias, Sabrina Malik, Meera Mather, Kisha McPherson, Soudeh Oladi, and Chet Singh. "Global Citizenship: From Social Analysis to Social Action (GNED 500)." Centennial College. Last modified 2021. Accessed January 25, 2024. https://soaoer.centennialcollege.ca/gned500/chapter/social-analysis/?tab=what-is-social-analysis.

Children's Home Society of Minnesota. "Infographic | What happens when kids age out of foster care?" Children's Home Lutheran Social Service. Last modified January 23, 2019. Accessed November 9, 2023. https://chlss.org/blog/infographic-what-happens-when-kids-age-out-of-foster-care/#:~:text=More%20than%2023%2C000%20kids%20age%20out%20of%20U.S.%20foster%20care%20each%20year.&text=Without%20the%20support%20that%20comes,Few%20will%20graduate%20college.

Dowd, Rachel. "Same-sex parents are 7 times more likely to raise adopted and foster children." UCLA School of Law Williams Insitute. Last modified October 27, 2020. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/press/lgbt-parenting-media-alert/.

Gates, Gary J. "LGBT Parenting in the United States." UCLA School of Law Williams Institute. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-parenting-us/.

History.com Editors. "Same-sex marriage is made legal nationwide with Obergefell v. Hodges decision." History. Last modified June 23, 2020. Accessed December 7, 2023. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/obergefell-v-hodges-ruling-same-sex-marriage-legalized-nationwide.

HRC Foundation. "How Can I Find an LGBTQ+ Friendly Adoption or Foster Care Agency?" Human Rights Campaign. Accessed December 7, 2023. https://www.hrc.org/resources/how-can-i-find-an-lgbt-friendly-adoption-agency.

Human Dignity Trust. "A History of LGBT Criminalisation." Human Dignity Trust. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/a-history-of-criminalisation/.

Irmiya, Barnabas, and Pimaro Micah. "Jesus Christ's Philosophy of Non-Violence: A Dispositional Mechanism for Resolution of Conflicts and Social Tensions." Philarchive. Last modified September 2020. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://philarchive.org/archive/IRMJCP#:~:text=Jesus%20Christ's%20teaching%20on%20nonviolence,to%20one%20who%20does%20evil%E2%80%9D.

Kaur, Tessa. "Queer representation in media: the good, the bad, and the ugly." Heckin Unicorn (blog). Entry posted October 14, 2023. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://heckinunicorn.com/blogs/heckin-unicorn-blog/queer-representation-in-media-comprehensive-list-breakdown-lgbt?currency=USD.

Lifelong Adoptions. "LGBT Adoption Statistics." Lifelong Adoptions. Last modified September 2022. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.lifelongadoptions.com/lgbt-adoption/lgbt-adoption-statistics.

Mann, Rachel. "The Christian God is a queer God." The Christian Century. Last modified October 2022. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.christiancentury.org/article/voices/christian-god-queer-god.

Mark, Joshua J. "LGBTQ+ in the Ancient World." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified June 25, 2021. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1790/lgbtq-in-the-ancient-world/.

Movement Advancement Project. "Equality Maps: Foster and Adoption Laws." Map. Movement Advancement Project. June 6, 2023. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/foster_and_adoption_laws.

"My Two Mums (The Myths of Gay Adoption) | Lynne Elvins | TEDxBristol." Video. Youtube. Posted by TEDx Talks, December 13, 2015. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://youtu.be/NAcuH7n-dLc?si=tHK6mQU4Ia7OnjiP.

National Wildlife Federation. "Same-sex Behavior Among Animals Isn't New." National Wildlife Federation. Last modified July 4, 2023. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2023/Summer/Conservation/Same-Sex-Behavior-Animals-Science.

NPR. "Listener Picks: When Foster Kids Become Adults." NPR. Last modified January 9, 2023. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/01/09/1147868777/listener-picks-when-foster-kids-become-adults#:~:text=Priscilla%20Molina-,Around%2025%2C000%20kids%20age%20out%20of%20the%20foster%20care%20system,likely%20to%20struggle%20in%20poverty.

Planned Parenthood. "What does queer mean?" Planned Parenthood. Accessed January 25, 2024. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/sexual-orientation/what-does-queer-mean.

Roberts, Madeleine. "New CDC Data Shows LGBTQ Youth are More Likely to be Bullied Than Straight Cisgender Youth." Human Rights Campaign. Last modified August 26, 2020. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.hrc.org/news/new-cdc-data-shows-lgbtq-youth-are-more-likely-to-be-bullied-than-straight-cisgender-youth.

Rudolph, Dana. "A Very Brief History of LGBTQ Parenting." Family Equality. Last modified October 20, 2017. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://www.familyequality.org/2017/10/20/a-very-brief-history-of-lgbtq-parenting/#:~:text=It%20wasn't%20until%201997,by%20gay%20men%20and%20lesbians.

Rummler, Orion. "States are banning LGBTQ+ subjects in schools. Most students say they were never taught about them anyway." The 19th. Last modified August 18, 2023. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://19thnews.org/2023/08/lgbtq-issues-curriculum-bans-schools-survey/.

Ryan, Erika. "Courage and sacrifice: 6 activists behind LGBTQ progress." CNN. Last modified June 27, 2019. Accessed January 2, 2024. https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/26/us/most-influential-lgbtq-activists/index.html.

Sullivan, T. Richard. Queer Families, Common Agendas: Gay People, Lesbians, and Family Values. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1999.

Telloian, Courtney. "What Are the Causes of Pedophilia?" Psych Central. Last modified February 25, 2022. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://psychcentral.com/disorders/causes-of-pedophilia#causes-and-risk-factors.

Think of Us. "Aged Out." Think of Us. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.thinkofus.org/case-studies/aged-out#:~:text=Thousands%20of%20youth%20between%2018,care%20among%20former%20foster%20youth.

The Trevor Project. "Facts About Suicide Among LGBTQ+ Young People." The Trevor Project. Last modified January 1, 2024. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/resources/article/facts-about-lgbtq-youth-suicide/.

United Nations. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights." United Nations. Accessed November 8, 2023. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. "Seven Themes of Catholic Social Teaching." United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Accessed February 6, 2024. https://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic-social-teaching.

Vile, John R. "Same-Sex Couple Adoption Laws." The First Amendment Encyclopedia. Last modified January 23, 2020. Accessed June 7, 2023. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1750/same-sex-couple-adoption-laws.

Wiley, Ella, and John Guzman. "REBELLION AND PRIDE: How Police Have Failed LGBTQ+ Communities." Legal Defense Fund. Accessed January 2, 2024. https://www.naacpldf.org/pride-history-police-violence/.

Zhang, Yun, Haimei Huang, Min Wang, Jiawen Zhu, Sumin Tan, Weiyi Tian, Jinli Mo, Li Jiang, Jieling Mo, Wei Pan, and Chunayi Ning. "Family outcome disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual families: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Global Health. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/3/e010556.