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Conceptual understanding: different perspectives and experimental work led to the development of differing logical approaches to explaining energy transfer in waves.
Conceptual understanding: different perspectives and experimental work led to the development of differing logical approaches to explaining energy transfer in waves.
Travelling waves carry energy, but generally the medium through which they travel will not be permanently disturbed.
Travelling waves carry energy, but generally the medium through which they travel will not be permanently disturbed.
Knowledge:
Knowledge:
4.1 - Oscillations
Simple harmonic oscillations
Time period, frequency, amplitude, displacement and phase difference
Conditions for simple harmonic motion
4.2 - Travelling waves
Travelling waves
Wavelength, frequency, period and wave speed
Transverse and longitudinal waves
The nature of electromagnetic waves
The nature of sound waves
4.3 - Wave Characteristics
Wavefronts and rays
Amplitude and intensity
Superposition
Polarization
4.4 - Wave behaviour
Reflection and refraction
Snell’s law, critical angle and total internal reflection
Diffraction through a single-slit and around objects
Interference patterns (taught with unit 9 later)
Double-slit interference
Path difference
4.5 - Standing waves
The nature of standing waves
Boundary conditions
Nodes and antinodes
Applications and skills:
Applications and skills:
4.1 - Oscillations
Qualitatively describing the energy changes taking place during one cycle of an oscillation
Sketching and interpreting graphs of simple harmonic motion examples
4.2 - Travelling waves
Explaining the motion of particles of a medium when a wave passes through it for both transverse and longitudinal cases
Sketching and interpreting displacement–distance graphs and displacement– time graphs for transverse and longitudinal waves
Solving problems involving wave speed, frequency and wavelength
Investigating the speed of sound experimentally
4.3 - Wave Characteristics
Sketching and interpreting diagrams involving wavefronts and rays
Solving problems involving amplitude, intensity and the inverse square law
Sketching and interpreting the superposition of pulses and waves
Describing methods of polarization
Sketching and interpreting diagrams illustrating polarized, reflected and transmitted beams
Solving problems involving Malus’s law
4.4 - Wave behaviour
Sketching and interpreting incident, reflected and transmitted waves at boundaries between media
Solving problems involving reflection at a plane interface
Solving problems involving Snell’s law, critical angle and total internal reflection
Determining refractive index experimentally
Qualitatively describing the diffraction pattern formed when plane waves are incident normally on a single-slit
Quantitatively describing double-slit interference intensity patterns
4.5 - Standing waves
Describing the nature and formation of standing waves in terms of superposition
Distinguishing between standing and travelling waves
Observing, sketching and interpreting standing wave patterns in strings and pipes
Solving problems involving the frequency of a harmonic, length of the standing wave and the speed of the wave
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