Is Makeup Poisonous?

By Laura Grace Shield '23

Millions of people apply makeup every day, but have they ever stopped to think about what they’re introducing into their bodies? The University of Notre Dame conducted a study to research harmful chemicals in makeup, especially perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, which are simply called PFAS. These high-fluorine substances have been linked to numerous health risks such as kidney, liver, immunological, and reproductive issues. Also, evidence shows that PFAS can lead to cancer and affect the efficiency of vaccinations, some of which are the COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, PFAS are super-resistant to breaking down, so they remain in your body for life.

PFAS are proven to lead to potential illnesses, but how prevalent are they in makeup products? The university tested over 200 makeup products, and half of the substances revealed high levels of fluorine, which indicates the presence of PFAS. The most notable percentages of high fluorine were in foundations with 63% and waterproof mascara with 82%. On average, makeup products that are “long-lasting” or “water-resistant” have shown the highest percentages of PFAS.

These numbers seem large and potentially scary, so what should people do? Because this area of study is just emerging, there is insufficient evidence to determine the degree of risk PFAS pose to our health. Notre Dame is hoping that their study incites more research into this field of toxicology, so, for the time being, people are left to make their own decisions regarding high-fluorine makeup products. Dr. Peaslee, the lead professor on the study, suggests that people avoid products containing the ingredient “perfluoro,” as well as “Products that boast about having long-wearing, water-resistant, waterproof or sweatproof formulas.”

Even though research in this area is still in a fledgling state, certain makeup brands have already begun phasing out the presence of PFAS in their products. The most notable of these companies is L’Oreal, which started this process in 2018. Other makeup companies are likely to follow L’Oreal, especially will emerging legislation at the state level regarding the presence of PFAS in commercial products. Recently, Maine’s state government passed a bill that will ban the intentional use of PFAS starting in 2030. Similarly, California and Maryland have begun introducing similar bans. With the current evidence and the potential for more, more states will likely introduce PFAS bands in the future.