Variable Stiffness: k = 1 N/m
Variable Stiffness: k = 5 N/m
Variable ROM: 45 degrees
Variable ROM: 90 degrees
ROM coupling between joints
Pros
Singular joint center
Achieves full shoulder ROM
Can track 3 DOF motion
One motor for each DOF
Easy to get force feedback
Cons
Limited space to mount motors on arm side
Pros
Effective singular joint center
Achieves full shoulder ROM
More space to mount motors on arm side
Cons
Complicated to track 3 DOF motion
Complicated to get force feedback as 2 motors are coupled
Upper Arm Repositioning performed with the Big and Small U-Joint design
Upper Arm Repositioning performed on a human subject
Upper Arm Repositioning performed with the U-Joint with Differential Gear design