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A Rising Issue in America
A Rising Issue in America
Rate of adult overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity among men and women aged 20-74 in USA
Rate of obesity among children and adolescents aged 2-19 years old in USA
Obesity
Obesity
- More than 2 in 3 adults were considered to be overweight or obese in America
- Among adolescents, ages 12-19, about 1 in 5 (20.6 percent) were considered to have obesity, and about 1 in 11 (9.1 percent) were considered to have extreme obesity
- Risk factors for many health problems such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, joint problems, and other conditions
Symptoms
Symptoms
- Obesity is diagnosed when your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. Your body mass index is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in meters (m) squared.
Risk Factors of Obesity
Risk Factors of Obesity
- High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
- Type 2 diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Metabolic syndrome
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Cancer, including cancer of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, ovaries, breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney and prostate
- Breathing disorders, including sleep apnea, a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts
- Gallbladder disease
- Gynecological problems, such as infertility and irregular periods
- Erectile dysfunction and sexual health issues
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition in which fat builds up in the liver and can cause inflammation or scarring
- Osteoarthritis
The Effects of Slow Eating Habits
The Effects of Slow Eating Habits
A study, which was done by the MacDonell School in Durango, Mexico asked 54 healthy subjects to reduce their eating speed and observed their weight change. The weight of adhering subjects decreased by 3.4 ± 4.8% during the study, while the weight of non-adhering subjects increased 12.6 ± 8.3%. These results further back the hypothesis that eating slowly is related to weight loss, and it shows that the relationship between slow eating and weight loss is not dependent on race.
Understanding the Slow Eating Mechanism
Understanding the Slow Eating Mechanism
Satiety Mechanism
Satiety Mechanism
- Hypothalamic responses are responsible for controlling energy balance. The amount of food intake is influenced by the signal from the gut-brain, where the satiety control system happens.
- The average time for satiety signal to develop in a healthy body after beginning to eat is about 15 minutes.
- Hence, when making the time of consuming food longer than this gap, it should let the satiety signal occur before an excessive amount of food is consumed. Therefore, controlling the time of eating could limit the total amount of energy intake.
Current Technologies
Current Technologies
Fork with Timer by Nicole M. Dubus, Susan Springfield (1995)
Fork with Timer by Nicole M. Dubus, Susan Springfield (1995)
- A simple fork comprising of the ordinary forkhead as well as the timer circuitry connected to the handle of the fork.
- The fork is adapted for providing a cue after an elapsed period of time for indicating to the user that another bite of food using the fork may be taken.
- A very simple application of the concept for slower eating and fairly convenient considering that the fork is commonly used for eating most foods.
Weight Control Device Using Bites Detection by Adam Hoover, Eric Muth, Yujie Dong (2012)
Weight Control Device Using Bites Detection by Adam Hoover, Eric Muth, Yujie Dong (2012)
- The most recent and most advanced devices which employ the science of slower eating to target weight loss is the bites detection device created by professors at Clemson University.
- Capable of detecting in real time information with regard to a number of bites taken, the time between bites, and so forth.
- To detect these bites through motion detection via a sensor worn on the wrist or hand of the user.
- The device also includes notification capabilities that can alert a user as to excessive eating speed, excessive amounts of food intake, and the like so as to provide immediate feedback for purposes of weight control
Editor: Linh Le
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