Why is it important?

Constructivism – Piaget (Cognitive) and Vygotsky (Social)

• Knowledge is constructed, rather than innate, or passively absorbed

• Learning is an active process

• All knowledge is socially constructed

• All knowledge is personal

• Learning exists in the mind

Benefits and Challenge of a Constructed Response

• Provides an opportunity for student to not just re-tell what they saw or remembered but allows them to show what they can do as a result of the learning

• Activities based on constructed knowledge provide potential for tremendous variety of responses

• More interesting and exciting and symbiotic

The Challenge: How to fairly evaluate?

• Rubrics

• Keep educators focused on the outcomes

• Grading is generally more objective

• Grading is more transparent from the student’s perspective

• Single Point Rubrics

• Holistic vs Analytic vs Single Point