Jayaraj Joseph - My Courses

EE6408 : Non-invasive Sensing & Signal Processing for Human Health (July-Nov 2024)

Course Content: The course will discuss sensing methods, hardware details and signal processing techniques in multiple non-invasive sensing and instrumentation systems designed for quantification of structural and functional health, such as assessment of vascular ageing, blood pressure measurement and non-invasive non contact vitals assessment. We will also look at typical protocols needed for functional verification & clinical validation of a few medical devices, and touch on some relevant standards also.

Topics :

1. Cardiovascular physiology and engineering system analogy: Relation between blood flow, blood pressure and arterial wall dynamics. interplay of pulsatile flow and compliant arteries, clinical significance of arterial elasticity

2. Vessel wall properties - elastic and hyper-elastic arteries, stress-strain relation, P-D loop, elastin/collagen ratio, structure of artery

3. Vascular ageing markers - Definitions of local and regional vascular stiffness markers, non-linear properties and linear approximations, clinical significance

4. Local stiffness assessment: Imaging methods : B-mode imaging, Wall tracking (Image processing vs RF tracking), intima-media thickness measurement, RF tracking, eTracking system, Carotid studio. Image free methods: A-scan ultrasound, Pulse echo modality, transducer selection and beam chara, hardware requirements, RF echo signal processing algorithms, Functional verification, Clinical validation overview.

5. Regional stiffness assessment : Regional and Local PWV, Clinical applications of PWV, B-H Equation and assumptions, Sequential vs simultaneous methods, Invasive reference methods. Non-invasive methods - ECG gating, Dual pulse waves. Tonometry, PPG, Loop based methods

6. BP Measurement: Invasive catheters, A-line systems, Auscultation, Oscillometry, PAT & PTT derived BP, Calibration methods & issues, Calibration-free cuff less BP, AI methods, Challenges and opportunities in cuff less BP.

7. System design of medical devices : Case examples illustrating hardware & signal processing elements

a. Case # 1 : Image free ultrasound for vascular assessment

b. Case #2: Oscillometry based BP device

c. Case #3 : Impedance plethysmography / BallistoCardioGraphy / Camera based vitals

d. We will discuss any 2 of the above devices in class

Text Books:

1. W. W. Nichols, M. F. O’Rourke, and C. Vlachopoulos, Mcdonald’s blood flow in arteries: theoretical, experimental and clinical principles, 6th ed. London: Hodder Arnold, 2011.

2. J. Sola and R. Delgado-Gonzalo, The Handbook of Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring, 1st ed. Switzerland AG: Springer Nature,2019.3. Wenjin Wang, Xuyu Wang, Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring, 1st Edition - September 20, 2021,Elsevier, ISBN: 9780128222829

Reference Books:

1. J. A. Chirinos, Ed., Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease, 1st ed. London: AcademicPress, 2022.

2. P. M. Nilsson, M. H. Olsen, and S. Laurent, Early vascular aging (EVA): New directions in cardiovascular protection, 1st ed.Oxford: Elsevier, 2015

3. M. E. Safar, M. F. O’Rourke, and Edward D. Frohlich, Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases, 1sted. London: Springer-Verlag, 2014.

4. T. L. Szabo, Diagnostic ultrasound imaging: inside out, 2nd ed. Boston: Academic Press, 2014.5. J. L. Zamorano et al., The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021

Prerequisite: Undergraduate level skills in electronics, analog circuits, signal processing in Matlab/Lab VIEW Exposure to biomedical instrumentation / engineering (preferred)

Teaching plan : The course consists of around 30 theory lectures + 5 Lab demonstrations + 5 graded coding assignments

Moodle Link : https://courses.iitm.ac.in/course/view.php?id=5313

EE5401 : Measurements and Instrumentation (July-Nov 2020)

Course Syllabus :

Sl.No. Topics

1 SI Units, significant digits

2 Errors in Measurements – Systematic and random errors, Error propagation

3 Digital Indicating Instruments – The counter-timer, DVM, DMM

4 Analog to digital converters – Flash, SAR and Sigma delta

5 Graphical methods of measurement – DSO

6 PC based measurement techniques

7 Virtual Instrumentation (LabVIEW)

8 Null balance method – Potentiometers – dc and ac

Moodle Link : https://courses.iitm.ac.in/course/view.php?id=6399

EE1100 : Basic Electrical Engineering (April-June 2021; March - May 2022; March - June 2023)

Course Syllabus :

1. Introduction, Course overview, Basics and definitions: Electric current and quantity of electricity, potential difference and resistance, linear and non-linear devices, Ohm's law, conductors and insulators, electrical power and energy.

2. Circuit laws and solving for unknowns: description & derivation of Kirchhoff’s laws, series and parallel connections, analysis of circuits using Nodal analysis technique. Usage of the principle of linearity and superposition to solve when multiple sources are present. Thevenin’s equivalent circuit representation. Maximum power transfer in a circuit.

3. Dynamic circuit components L & C: derivation of the relationship between current and voltage in capacitors(C) and inductors (L), power in L & C, combination of R & L , R & C, numerical & graphical analysis of transients with DC sources, combination of R, L & C in circuits.

4. Single phase AC circuits: Introduction to AC signals and sources, description of AC signals using magnitude, frequency and phase, distinguishing between peak, average and RMS values, Single phase AC circuits: Differentiate between DC and steady state, calculation of power in AC systems

5. Definition of power in AC circuits, Differentiating between active, reactive and apparent power, introduction to power factor, usage of phasors to represent, manipulate and calculate circuit quantities like voltage, current, impedance and power

6. Derivation of properties of R, L and C with AC signals, introduction to Impedance(Z) and admittance

7. Single phase AC circuits : Application of circuit analysis techniques to AC systems, analysis of frequency response of R, L and C, calculating transfer-function of a circuit, pole-zero plots, Analysis of frequency-domain response of RLC circuits.

8. Poles and zeros (contd.), Bode plots of transfer functions, filters: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-reject.

9. Three-phase AC circuits: power in 3-phase circuits, star and delta connection.

10. Diodes, applications of diodes: Diode characteristics (ideal, semiconductor), voltage and current relationship, diode circuits- rectifiers, peak and envelop detectors.

11. Operational amplifiers: Description of amplifiers as a black box and definition of gain, effect of feedback on gain, operational amplifiers, sum and difference amplifiers, integrators, differentiators, buffers.

12. Single phase transformer: principle of operation, equivalent circuit, equivalent circuit, parameters, open circuit and short circuit tests, voltage regulation and efficiency.

13. Induction machine: principle of operation, equivalent circuit, no-load and blocked rotor test, torque-slip characteristics, efficiency.

14. DC machines: general construction of DC machines and description of parts, DC generators and motors, excitation configurations, uses of series, shunt or separately excited machines, speed and torque, connection between the electrical and mechanical domain.

Books:

● Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, John Bird, Elsevier, 2011 [Text book]

● Essentials of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kerns & Irwin, Pearson, 2004

● Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, Vincent Del Toro, Prentice Hall, 2006.

● Electrical Engineering Concepts and Applications, Carlson and Gisser, Addison Wesley, 1990.

Moodle Link : https://courses.iitm.ac.in/course/view.php?id=7237

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