ZTRANSIT

Impedance plethysmography measures changes in the electrical impedance of blood vessels, providing insights into cardiac output—the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

Fig: Real-time signal

Project Title:

ZTRANSIT, a non-invasive technology to quantify the blood volume changes and pulse transit time in the cardiovascular system for clinical and field settings.

Clinical Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the modern world. To reduce cardiac-related mortality, it is of paramount importance to recognise and prevent CVD as early as possible. Early vascular screening using clinically accepted measurements from carotid artery such as stiffness index (β), arterial compliance (AC), pressure strain elasticity (Ep), and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is virtually non- existent in clinical practice due to the requirement of operator expertise, expensive equipment, and need of imaging technology required. For cardiac markers measurements and analysis of Cardiac output (CO), Stroke volume (SV) and Ejection Fraction (EF) are taken into account. Ejection fraction for left ventricle is of utmost importance as it provides a profile on end diastolic volume and it is a tool which helps in determining systolic and diastolic heart failure.

Motivation:

There is an immediate need for development of an affordable and easy to use device for the quantification of flow profile which also provides information on vascular markers. My research would be standing up on the foundation called ARTSENS image free ultrasound technology, it will be integrated with IPG (impedance plethysmography) and ECG (electrocardiography). It is necessary to design and develop a wearable as well as a field device for monitoring. Wearables can be connected to phones to obtain data and will require no clinical expertise while field devices will be easy to use for operators for immediate data collection on field and getting the data analyzed by healthcare professionals available on field.

Research Outcomes:

When impedance plethysmography (IPG) and electrocardiography (ECG) devices are integrated together, they can provide valuable information related to cardiovascular health and function. Here are some specific pieces of information that can be obtained from this integration:

Cardiac Output Assessment: Impedance plethysmography measures changes in the electrical impedance of blood vessels, providing insights into cardiac output—the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. By integrating IPG and ECG, healthcare professionals can assess cardiac output in real-time, helping evaluate the heart's pumping efficiency.

Stroke Volume Monitoring: Stroke volume refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart with each heartbeat. By combining IPG and ECG, it is possible to estimate stroke volume by analyzing the changes in electrical impedance and cardiac electrical activity. This information helps assess the heart's contractility and overall cardiovascular function.

Cardiac Performance Evaluation: The integration of IPG and ECG enables a comprehensive evaluation of cardiac performance. By analyzing the electrical activity of the heart through ECG and the corresponding hemodynamic changes measured by IPG, healthcare professionals can assess factors such as heart rate, heart rhythm, contractility, and vascular resistance. This information aids in diagnosing cardiovascular conditions and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment interventions.

Hemodynamic Monitoring: By combining IPG and ECG, clinicians can gather information about blood flow dynamics and vascular resistance. Changes in electrical impedance, measured by IPG, can provide insights into changes in blood volume and flow. When correlated with ECG data, this integration enables a more comprehensive understanding of hemodynamic parameters, such as blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and vascular compliance.

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