4. Emile Durkheim's Functionalist Theory of Deviance

What is functionalism in sociology?

The sociological concept of functionalism stems from the work of Emile Durkheim (remember the name!). Functionalism views society as a system, of which, there are a set of interconnected parts which combine to form the whole.

Some call functionalism the organic theory of sociology. This organic analogy dictates that all the parts of society function together as a whole, much like the organs of a human body.

Deviance is normal...?

Functionalists, and Durkheim specifically argue that deviance is 1 - normal and 2 - necessary. Durkheim theorised that deviance in itself enables social order.

Durkheim identified 4 specfic functions that deviance fulfills within a social group.

What is Emile Durkheim all about?

Emile Durkheim is the leading functionalist sociologist. Many consider him to be the father of modern sociology.

His works attempted to analyse deviance through the lens of deviance serving a purpose, the functionalist perspective.

Functionalism examines how the social institutions that make up society, such as the economy, education, family, religion, and media, all perform a useful purpose, and also influence members of society.

Durkheim proposed that Crime serves a function in society to reinforce what is acceptable behavior, as the public nature of the punishments shows people what will happen for breaking the rules. Very serious crimes can also lead to society coming together to condemn the perpetrators.

Durkheims 4 specfic functions of deviance

Affirmation of society's cultural norms and values

Clarifaction of society's moral boundaries

The unifacation of others in society

Promoting social change

Going Deeper...

Affirmation of society's cultural norms and values: This refers to the reinforcement of behaviour that is acceptable or unacceptable. Deviant behaviour is used to confirm and clarify social norms.

Clarifacation of socities moral boundaries: This refers to the limits and conseqeunces used to indicate what is acceptable or unacceptable behaviour. These define the boundary between conformity and deviance with inherent consequences for those considered deviant.

The unification of others in society: This refers to the sense of solidarity and mutual support experienced when people unite in response to a deviant act that has caused harm or distress.

Promoting social change: Refers to deviance challenging and at times changing existing social norms.

Table Task

Over the next three lessons we will be researching three different sociologists and their theories surrounding devience. Obviously starting with Emile Durkheim.

Using your notes as a table group you will be creating a poster on one of the theorists, 3 tables, 3 posters.

You will be given class time to complete this but I wanted to give you the heads up to make sure that you have your notes for each of the theorists to ensure you will be able and ready to contribute.

Independent Tasks:

Copy the tables on pages 124/125 including their appropriate headings
Complete activity G on page 127
Complete activity H on page 128

Page updated

Report abuse