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The melting point of a substance is the temperature in which a solid is converted into a liquid. Pure substances have well-defined temperatures in which they melt. Any impurities within a sample cause the melting point to be lower than expected. Impurities also cause the melting point to occur over a wider range of temperatures.
For example, if a substance has a known melting point of 138 ˚C and a sample melts at 137 ˚C it can be assumed the substance has very few impurities within it. If a second sample begins to melt at 131 ˚C and does not completely melt until 139 ˚C, the sample has many impurities.
Above: Melting point is determined by observing changes in the solid as the temperature is slowly increased. From: https://chembam.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/measuring-melting-point.png
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