Progression of Fluency

Accuracy, Efficiency and Flexibility

Kindergarten

• Fluently add and subtract within 5.

First Grade

• Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency within 10.
• Using strategies such as counting on, making 10, decomposing numbers, the relationship between addition and subtraction, creating equivalent but easier known sums (example, knowing that 6 + 7 can be solved by knowing 6 + 6 + 1.)

Second Grade

• Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies.
• Know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers.
• Fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction. (This does not imply the formal use of the traditional algorithm.)

Third Grade

• Fluently multiply and divide within 100 using strategies
• Fluently add or subtract within 1000 using strategies and algorithms (An algorithm is discussed, but there can be more than the traditional algorithm used depending on the students' number sense, the numbers in the problem and considerations of efficiency in strategies.)

Fourth Grade

• Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using an algorithm.
• Find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and one-digit divisors, using strategies.
• Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models. (no standard algorithm)

Fifth Grade

• Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using an algorithm.
• Find whole-number quotients of whole -numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies.
• Add, subtract, multiply and divide decimals to the hundredths place using strategies.

Check out the Progression of Math Understanding page for more information.