Chemistry

one credit course

Introduction

Unit 00: Introduction: Processes of Chemistry Investigations

Unit 01: Matter

Unit 02: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Unit 03: Chemical Bonding

Unit 04: Chemical Formulas

Unit 05: Chemical Equations and Reactions

Unit 06: Mole Concept

Unit 07: Stoichiometry

Unit 08: Gases

Unit 09: Solutions

Unit 10: Acids and Bases

Unit 11: Thermochemistry

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry

Texas Essential Knowledge & Skills (TEKS)

Introduction

(1) Chemistry. In Chemistry, students conduct laboratory and field investigations, use scientific practices during investigations, and make informed decisions using critical thinking and scientific problem solving. Students study a variety of topics that include characteristics of matter, use of the Periodic Table, development of atomic theory and chemical bonding, chemical stoichiometry, gas laws, solution chemistry, thermochemistry, and nuclear chemistry. Students will investigate how chemistry is an integral part of our daily lives.

(2) Nature of science. Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process." This vast body of changing and increasing knowledge is described by physical, mathematical, and conceptual models. Students should know that some questions are outside the realm of science because they deal with phenomena that are not currently scientifically testable.

(3) Scientific inquiry. Scientific inquiry is the planned and deliberate investigation of the natural world. Scientific practices of investigation can be experimental, descriptive, or comparative. The method chosen should be appropriate to the question being asked.

(4) Science and social ethics. Scientific decision making is a way of answering questions about the natural world. Students should be able to distinguish between scientific decision-making methods and ethical and social decisions that involve the application of scientific information.

(5) Scientific systems. A system is a collection of cycles, structures, and processes that interact. All systems have basic properties that can be described in terms of space, time, energy, and matter. Change and constancy occur in systems as patterns and can be observed, measured, and modeled. These patterns help to make predictions that can be scientifically tested. Students should analyze a system in terms of its components and how these components relate to each other, to the whole, and to the external environment.

Unit 00: Introduction: Processes of Chemistry Investigations

(1 class for the entire unit)

The scientific processes are very similar throughout every science course, beginning in Kindergarten. Students may need some direct instruction on the purpose and properties of scientific processes; however, it is intended for students to develop a deep understanding of the scientific processes by using them in the context of the content of this course throughout every unit of this course.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2A, C.2B, C.2C, C.2D, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3C, C.3D, C.3E, C.3F

Unit 01: Matter

(12 classes for the entire unit)

Students classify properties of matter in multiple ways by identifying whether they are physical or chemical properties and whether they are extensive or intensive properties. Students then identify the properties of different samples of matter and classify them as pure substances or mixtures. Students will go deeper in their comparison of the states of matter compared to previous courses by adding the properties of compressibility and structure to shape and volume.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.4A, C.4B, C.4C, C.4D

Unit 02: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

(15 classes for the entire unit)

Students focus on the experiments of Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr to describe how the understanding of atomic properties changed over time. While investigating Thomson’s discovery of electron properties, students describe the mathematic relationships of electromagnetic wave properties. Students trace the development of atomic theory to the development of the Periodic Table and learn to recognize all of the properties of sets of elements that can be determined by the structure of the Periodic Table. Students calculate the average atomic mass of elements in different scenarios.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2A, C.2B, C.2C, C.2D, C.2E, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3D, C.3F, C.5A, C.5B, C.5C, C.6A, C.6B, C.6C

Unit 03: Chemical Bonding

(14 classes for the entire unit)

Students will continue to explore the characteristics of elements demonstrated by the structure of the Periodic Table by expressing electron configurations of representative elements and Lewis valence electron dot structures. Students use ionization energy and electronegativity of elements to construct electron dot formulas for ionic and covalent bonds. Students relate the known properties of metals to metallic bonding. Finally, students classify molecular structure based on VSEPR theory based on models; however, they do not need to predict the structure based on chemical formulas.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3D, C.3E, C.3F, C.6D, C.7C, C.7D, C.7E

Unit 04: Chemical Formulas

(8 classes for the entire unit)

Students derive chemical formulas from names and derive chemical names from formulas. Students apply their understanding of chemical bonding behaviors and IUPAC nomenclature rules to write chemical names and formulas for ionic compounds, covalent compounds, acids, and bases.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.7A, C.7B

Unit 05: Chemical Equations and Reactions

(12 classes for the entire unit)

Students will observe chemical reactions or interpret chemical equations to identify the type of reaction. The streamlined language in TEKS C.8F identifies two major classifications of reactions: double replacements and oxidation-reduction. Students identify acid-base and precipitation reactions as double replacement. Student identify synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and combustion reactions as oxidation-reduction. Students employ mathematical skills using chemical formulas and coefficients to balance chemical equations.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3D, C.3F, C.8E, C.8F

Unit 06: Mole Concept

(10 classes for the entire unit)

Students develop a conceptual understanding of the mole and use molar mass and Avogadro’s number to calculate the number of atoms or molecules in a substance. Students will calculate percent composition of the elements in a compound. Finally, students differentiate between empirical and molecular formulas, however, students do not perform calculations to determine these formulas.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3C, C.3F, C.8A, C.8B, C.8C, C.8D

Unit 07: Stoichiometry

(12 classes for the entire unit)

Students expand their understanding and use of moles to perform more complex calculations to determine the properties of products and reactants of chemical reactions. Students may be expected to rely on their understanding of balancing chemical equations and determining molar mass in order to perform the stoichiometric calculations. Students describe the concept of limiting reactants in a balanced chemical equation; however, students are no longer expected to calculate limiting reactants.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.8A, C.8G, C.8H

Unit 08: Gases

(13 classes for the entire unit)

Students explore the ideal gas law and all of the gas laws used to derive the ideal gas law. Students add gas volume to the stoichiometric calculations performed given different scenarios. Students explore the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory through experiences that reinforce the theory.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2B, C.2C, C.2D, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3D, C.3F, C.8A, C.8G, C.9A, C.9B

Unit 09: Solutions

(15 classes for the entire unit)

Students are given access to the general solubility rules to apply during investigations. Students calculate molarity and dilutions using provided formulas. Students describe how the polar nature of water causes it to be a common solute for many solutions. Students differentiate factors that affect solubility and rate of dissolution of solids and gases through investigation. Students identify the types of solutions using formulas, solubility rules, and observations during investigations.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.10A, C.10B, C.10C, C.10D, C.10E, C.10F

Unit 10: Acids and Bases

(10 classes for the entire unit)

Students learn the differences between Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases. Students use chemical formulas, mathematical formulas, and observations during investigations to calculate pH, distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases, and predict the products of acid-base reactions.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2B, C.2C, C.2D, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3F, C.10E, C.10G, C.10H

Unit 11: Thermochemistry

(15 classes for the entire unit)

Students measure thermal energy and calculate energy transfer in chemical reactions or between substances. Students use known values of specific heat to identify unknown substances during investigations and scenarios. Students classify chemical reactions as exothermic and endothermic by calculating enthalpy of reactions. Students classify forms of energy based on their properties.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.11A, C.11B, C.11C, C.11D

Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry

(7 classes for the entire unit)

Students identify fusion and fission nuclear reactions based on descriptions of the reactions, and further classify fission reactions as producing alpha, beta, or gamma radioactive decay. Students use similar conventions used to balance chemical equations to write and balance nuclear equations.

TEKS in this unit: C.1A, C.1B, C.1C, C.2B, C.2C, C.2D, C.2E, C.2F, C.2G, C.2H, C.2I, C.3A, C.3B, C.3D, C.3E, C.12A, C.12B

Texas Essential Knowledge & Skills (TEKS)

TEKS - Science - Chemistry.pdf

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