Syllabus

         (NEP Syllabus - 2024 June Revised)

MJD5                  BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY METABOLISM        Credits – 3+1        

✔️Course Objectives:

This subject is in congruent with the basic biochemistry paper leading (i) to gain knowledge about the types and role of nutrients in bacterial metabolism (ii) to provide a basic understanding about the transport of nutrients in cells (iii) to appreciate the anabolic and catabolic pathways which lies central to bacterial metabolism.

Unit-I

Nutritional classification – importance of various macro, microelements and growth factors in bacterial growth – bacterial growth curve – a measurement of microbial growth – gravimetry, turbidometry and nephelometry. Continuous culture – synchronous culture – sporulation. 

Unit-II

Transport of nutrients – uptake of nutrient – passive diffusion – facilitated diffusion – active transport (periplasmic binding protein and ABC transport) simple transport (uniport, symport and antiport) – group translocation and protein export system. Role of osmoregulatory proteins – permiomics. 

Unit-III

Biosynthesis of cell structures from glucose (cell wall, capsule, flagella structure and synthesis, cell inclusions) – biochemistry of nitrogen fixation –nitrogenase enzyme – nitrogen assimilation – sulfate assimilation – anaplerotic reactions in the catabolic pathways. 

Unit-IV

Photosynthesis – characteristics and metabolism of autotrophs, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria – CO2 fixation and mechanism of photosynthesis –  chemolithotrophs – hydrogen bacteria – nitrifying bacteria, sulphur bacteria and iron bacteria – methanogens –  methylotrophs. 

Unit-V

Central catabolic pathways – glycolysis, hexose monophosphate pathway, Entner Doudoroff pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle –   electron transport system–components – adenosine  triphosphate structure and their generation types –  fermentations – types – anaerobic    respiration. 

🎯Course Outcome:

Upon successful completion of the course the candidate will

• be familiar with the different nutritional classification of bacteria with an in depthknowledge on bacterial growth, growth curve and measurement of microbial growth.

• be able to get acquainted with different transport systems.

• have an added knowledge on biosynthesis of cell structures and physiology of nitrogen fixation.

• have got acquainted with carbon dioxide fixation and mechanism of photosynthesis.

• have acquired knowledge on central catabolic pathways.

📖Text Books

1. Drummond J.T., White D. and Fuqua C. (2012) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, 4th Edn. Oxford University Press.

2. Kim B.H. and Gadd G.M. (2019) Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology. 2nd Edn., Cambridge University Press. p.507.

3. Stevens A,M., Ditty J.L., Parales R.E. and Merkel S.M. (2024) Microbial Physiology: Unity and Diversity, ASM Press, p.467.

📚References

1. Madigan, M.T., Bender K.S. Buckley D.H., Sattley W.M. and Stahl D.A (2021) Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 16th Global Edn., Pearson Education Ltd., p.1129.

2. Kumar P. and Mina U. (2014) Life Sciences: Fundamentals and Practice, Part-I, 4th Edn. Pathfinder Publication. p.582.##

3. Staley, J.T., Gonsalus, R.P., Lory S. and Perry J.J (2007) Microbial Life. 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates p.813**.

4. Kushkevych I. (2023) Progress in Biochemistry and Biotechnology: Bacterial Physiology and Biochemistry, (Ed.) Jampilek J., Academic Press, p.382.

5. A.G. Moat, J.W. Foster and M.P. Spector (2002) Microbial Physiology. 4th edn. Wiley-Liss pub. p.734.

6. Rathi J. (2009) Microbial Physiology, Genetics and Ecology. Manglam publications. p. 297. 

7. Michal G. and Schomburg D. (Ed.) (2012), Biochemical pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, 2nd Edn., Wiley publishers, p.414.

8. Swanson M., Joyce E.A. and Horack R. (2022) Microbe, 3rd Edn., ASM Press. p.848.

9. M. Schaechter (ed.) (2009) Physiology In: Encyclopedia of Microbiology. 3rd edn. Academic Press. pp. 1-544.

10. P. Singleton and D. Sainsbury (2006) Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology. 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p.911.

11. Rosenberg E., Delong E.F., Lory S., Stackebrandt E. and Thompson F. (2013) The Prokaryotes: Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry. 4th Edn. Springer Reference. p.682

   ➕  Additional Learning Resources  

1.      Enroll in Swayam portal to Assess the Archives course related to our Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism course

         for further learning

    -    MICROBIAL CYTOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND RECOMBINATION DNA

          http://ugcmoocs.inflibnet.ac.in/ugcmoocs/view_module_ug.php/66

2.      Enroll in Swayam portal for the following archived courses that will improve your understanding Bacterial

         physiology and metabolism, successful completion, you will be issued a certificate that may add value to your

         resume

        MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

     -    https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec21_bt17/preview (July 2021)

          -   https://swayam.gov.in/nd2_cec20_bt14/preview (July 2020)                                    

                                             Term End Semester Examination (Model Question paper) 

Time 3 hrs                                                                                                                Max. Marks 50

                                                                    Section A                                            (5 x 1 = 5 marks)

1. Autotrophs

2. DPA

3. Active transport

4. Methanogenesis

5. Cyanobacteria

                                                       Section B                             (5 x 3= 15 marks)

6. (a) Give the nutritional classification based on carbon source, energy, electron donors and electron acceptors. 

                                                    (or)

     (b) Write short notes on the importance of microelements in microorganisms.

7. (a) Write short notes in facilitated diffusion

                                                     (or)

        (b) Explain the various phases of the growth curve.

8. (a) Give an account of nitrifying bacteria.

                                                     (or)

        (b) Write the significance of Iron bacteria.

9. (a) Osmoregulatory proteins

                                  (or)

        (b) Why ATP is indispensable for cell metabolism?

 10. (a) Explain HMP shunt pathway. 

                   (or) 

       (b) Write short notes in fermentations.

                                         Section C                               (3 x 10 = 30 marks)

  11. Write in detail about the synchronous culture 

  12. Explain the stages of spore formation

  13. Explain with a neat diagram the role of pigments in photosynthesis

  14. Describe in details about the TCA cycle and the possible energy equivalents synthesized.

  15. State and explain various types of anaerobic respiration.

1. TO Download Syllabus & model QUESTION PAPER CLICK HERE

2. TO Download the previous year question papers CLICK HERE 

3. TO Download two marks questions & answers CLICK HERE