Indigenous people are commonly defined as the descendants of a country's or region's inhabitants who are present when people of different ethnic or cultural origins arrive and later become dominant through settlement or occupation of some kind. Identities are contested in the Philippines as a result of successive migration routes of many different peoples throughout the Asian region long before European arrival and colonization. Indigenous people aim for effective self-determination as a fundamental human right to influence decisions that have an impact on their quality of life. They also desire political autonomy and self-sufficiency. At its most fundamental, the goal is to ensure that everyone has equitable access to enough resources, including food, shelter, health care, and basic infrastructure.

Indigenous people residing in various mountainous areas of Luzon make up one of the largest ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, known as the Aetas. They can be found, to name a few, in the provinces of Pampanga, Zambales, and Tarlac. Aetas can be found in small numbers in the Pampanga towns of Floridablanca, Porac, Guagua, and Angeles (del Prado, 2018). According to Valdeavilla (2018), the Aetas are one of the indigenous communities that are successful in the Philippines, but they also deal with problems like poverty, marginalization, and migration.

Aetas can be seen all over Angeles City, selling sweet potatoes, yams, and honeydews to people, as a way for them to have money for their food and basic needs. The current generation of Aeta people is the first to have ever lived in severe poverty. If society continues to ignore their difficult situations, their poverty will eventually pass down to the next generation, and the cycle will continue until their population becomes unsustainable.

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