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Lesson 2. Volcanoes
Lesson 2. Volcanoes
A volcano is a mountain made from an accumulation of rock and ash. Molten rock (magma), gases, and ash erupt from an opening at the top or vents that form on the sides. Once erupted, the magma becomes lava and flows down the mountainsides.
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust. Molten rocks, ashes and gaseous materials are forced out through its opening. The opening of a volcano is called crater. In the Philippines, there are many volcanoes such as the Mayon Volcano in Albay (known for its perfect cone), Hibok-Hibok Volcano in Camiguin, Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon, Mt. Pinatubo in Zambales, Mt. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental.
How are volcanoes formed?
How are volcanoes formed?
Deep inside the Earth, it is extremely hot. It is so hot that rocks melt and form magma, which makes up the mantle of the Earth.
The upper mantle mixes and moves, creating pressure underneath the crust. This pressure can sometimes cause the mantle to leak out onto Earth’s surface. Over time, as the magma leaks out as lava and then cools, the volcanic mountain will get bigger and bigger. This is a volcano!
How are volcanoes being classified?
How are volcanoes being classified?
Classifications of Volcanoes
Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct.
DormantA dormant volcano has not erupted for a long time. However, it may still erupt in the future.
ExtinctAn extinct volcano has erupted thousands of years before, and it will probably never erupt again.
Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct.
Active
An active volcano has erupted recently, and there is the possibility that it may erupt again.DormantA dormant volcano has not erupted for a long time. However, it may still erupt in the future.
ExtinctAn extinct volcano has erupted thousands of years before, and it will probably never erupt again.
What are the parts of a volcano?
What are the parts of a volcano?
What are the beneficial and harmful effects of a volcanic eruption?
What are the beneficial and harmful effects of a volcanic eruption?
Volcanic eruptions may leave good or beneficial effect and bad or harmful effect.
BENEFICIAL/GOOD EFFECTS
It makes the soil fertile.
It is a good source of geothermal energy.
Volcanoes contain a rich amount of minerals such as gold, silver, and copper.
Volcanoes can promote tourism.
HARMFUL/BAD EFFECTS
The volcanic ashes and gases can cause respiratory ailment.
Lava flows destroy everything in the path.
Volcanic dust and gas can block the incoming sunlight reducing the heat energy input to the Earth.
It can destroy properties and vegetation..
Assessment (Test Your Understanding)
Assessment (Test Your Understanding)
Ready to take a quiz to check your understanding of the lesson? If so, click this link.
Ready to take on another quiz to check your understanding of the lesson? Click the "How much do you know?" link.
Performance Task 4.2 (Before, During and After a Volcanic Eruption)
Performance Task 4.2 (Before, During and After a Volcanic Eruption)
Performance Task 4.2
Note: Please use a long bondpaper for this activity.
Assume you are a volcanologist from Negros. On your way back to your hometown, you saw the destruction brought about by the eruption of Mount Kanlaon, an active volcano in the Visayas region.
You decided to invite your friends and colleagues to come with you on your next visit with a mission, that is, to create awareness among your townmates about volcanic hazards and after a volcanic eruption.
One task you have to complete is to create an awareness poster about preparation (before, during, and after) for volcanic eruptions, which is a crucial step in educating others about safety measures." by volcanic activity.
Example: This is for a storm preparation.
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