The goal of Ontario secondary schools is to support high-quality learning while giving individual students the opportunity to choose programs that suit their skills and interests.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN ESL AND ELD PROGRAMS Creating a welcoming and inclusive school environment for English language learners is a whole-school activity requiring the commitment of administrators, teachers, support staff, and other leaders within the school community. The reward for this committed effort is a dynamic and vibrant school environment that celebrates diversity as an asset and enriches the learning experience of all students (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2007, 6).
Teachers
Teachers and students have complementary responsibilities. Teachers are responsible for developing appropriate instructional strategies to help students achieve the curriculum expectations for their courses, as well as for developing appropriate methods for assessing and evaluating student learning. Teachers bring enthusiasm and varied teaching and assessment approaches to the classroom, addressing individual student needs and ensuring sound learning opportunities for every student.
Using a variety of instructional, assessment, and evaluation strategies, teachers provide numerous opportunities for students to acquire proficiency in English, as well as subject content knowledge. They provide learners with frequent opportunities to practise and apply new learning and, through regular and varied assessment, give them the specific feedback they need to further develop and refine their skills. By assigning tasks that promote the development of higher-order thinking skills, teachers enable students to become thoughtful and effective communicators in English. In addition, teachers encourage students to think out loud about their own language processes, and support them in developing the language and techniques they need to assess their own learning. Opportunities to relate knowledge and skills in English language learning to wider contexts, both across the curriculum and in the world beyond the school, motivate students to learn and to become lifelong learners.
ESL/ELD teachers, mainstream subject teachers, teacher-librarians, special education teachers, and guidance teachers must all work together, within the provisions outlined in all secondary school curriculum documents, to support English language learners, to help them integrate successfully into the academic and social life of the school, and to help them learn about postsecondary pathways and destinations (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2007, 8) .
Areas of Potential Interest
Page 3 The Goals of ESL/ELD Curriculum
Page 5 English Language Learners in Ontario
Page 6 Programs to Support English Language Learners
Page 8 Teachers Role
Page 9-11 Factors in Successful English Language Acquisition
Page 27-28 Integration of Students into Mainstream Subject Areas
Areas of Potential Interest
Page 76-78 English Language Learners: Accommodations
Page 76 ESL Box indicator
Policies and Procedures for Ontario Elementary and Secondary Schools, Kindergarten to Grade 12
PRACTICAL GUIDES
A Practical Guide for Ontario Educators
A Practical Guide for Ontario Educators
Science of Reading (SOR) for MLLs
Expanded Summary of Podcast featuring Dr. Steve Amendum
Visual Expanded Summary of Podcast featuring Dr. Steve Amendum
The use of manipulatives should be limited to the word level (not sentences) and reserved only for specific circumstances. Research indicates that physically writing letters while saying the sounds and connecting to word meanings is far more effective for encoding, orthographically mapping, and retaining information in long-term memory than using letter tiles—or typing, for that matter.
A manipulative may be used to make sound–symbol correspondence more concrete. For phonics work, physically pushing letters together to blend sounds or pulling them apart to segment them helps turn an abstract concept into a more tangible experience.
A manipulative may be used to clarify sound boundaries that typically occur in a single stream of speech. This is appropriate for phonemic awareness tasks that include letters. For example, swapping the /i/ sound in hit for the /a/ sound to create hat becomes clearer when the task is supported visually with tiles. This makes an abstract process more accessible.
A manipulative may be used to reduce cognitive load for secondary students who do not yet have automatic motor planning for writing English letters. Students whose first language uses an iconographic system (e.g., Mandarin) or a different alphabet (e.g., Arabic) may be learning the English alphabet for the first time. In these cases, manipulatives prevent phoneme–grapheme correspondence and phonemic awareness development from being hindered by the student’s difficulty with letter formation.
The affective filter is a concept from Stephen Krashen’s Second Language Acquisition Theory that refers to the emotional factors that can block or allow language learning. For more information, see affiliated handout.
PWIM
Picture Word Induction Model