The difference in academic performance seen between groups of K-12 students when data is disaggregated by various cultural variables including ethnicity/race, gender, social class, and other variables.

The difference in resources that are given to students in terms of quality of instruction, curriculum, and other opportunities that would prepare a student for post-secondary college and/or careers.

The difference in educational performance or achievement between subgroups of students, especially on basis of socioeconomic status, ethnicity/race, gender, special educational needs and disability.