How does the HSG work?

The hysterosalpingogram (HSG), also known as utero-tubal evaluation, is a medical imaging test used to evaluate the health of a woman's reproductive system, specifically the uterus and fallopian tubes. 

Here's how the HSG exam works:

1. Preparation: Before the HSG, the patient will need to discuss any medical conditions or allergies with their doctor. The exam is typically scheduled between days 6-12 of the menstrual cycle to avoid potential interference with early pregnancy.

2. Procedure: The patient will lie down on an examination table during the examination, and a speculum will be introduced into the vagina. A small tube (catheter) will then be inserted into the cervix, through which a special dye is injected into the uterus. The dye will fill the uterus and flow into the fallopian tubes. X-ray images are taken as the dye moves through the reproductive system.

3. Results: The images obtained from the HSG exam can help diagnose structural problems within the reproductive system, such as blockages or abnormalities in the uterus or fallopian tubes. The results of the exam are usually available immediately or shortly after the procedure, and the patient may need to follow up with their doctor to discuss any findings or necessary treatments.