Content Objective: Investigate the dynamics of cardiovascular physiology, focusing on the mechanisms of tissue fluid exchange, lymphatic drainage, circulation patterns across different species, and the specialized structure and function of the mammalian heart, including its cycle of systole and diastole.
Language Objective: Analyze and interpret scientific descriptions and diagrams related to cardiovascular functions, effectively discussing the comparisons and adaptations within the circulatory systems of bony fish and mammals, and articulating the sequence of cardiac events.
Syllabus Details:
B3.2.11 (HL)—Release and reuptake of tissue fluid in capillaries "Tissue fluid is formed by pressure filtration of plasma in capillaries. This is promoted by the higher pressure of blood from arterioles. Lower pressure in venules allows tissue fluid to drain back into capillaries."
B3.2.12 (HL) —Exchange of substances between tissue fluid and cells in tissues - “Discuss the composition of plasma and tissue fluid.”
B3.2.13 (HL)—Drainage of excess tissue fluid into lymph ducts - "Limit to the presence of valves and thin walls with gaps in lymph ducts and return of lymph to the blood Circulation."
B3.2.14 (HL)—Differences between the single circulation of bony fish and the double circulation of mammals - “Simple circuit diagrams are sufficient to show the sequence of organs through which blood passes.”
B3.2.15 (HL)—Adaptations of the mammalian heart for delivering pressurized blood to the arteries - "Include form–function adaptations of these structures: cardiac muscle, pacemaker, atria, ventricles, atrioventricular and semilunar valves, septum and coronary vessels. Students should be able to identify these features on a diagram of the heart in the frontal plane and trace the unidirectional flow of blood from named veins to arteries."
B3.2.16 (HL)—Stages in the cardiac cycle - "Students should understand the sequence of events in the left side of the heart that follow the initiation of the heartbeat by the sinoatrial node (the “pacemaker”). Students should be able to interpret systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements from data and graphs."
Activity 1 - Heart and Flow of blood through the heart
Activity 2 - Adaptions of the Heart
Activity 3 - Cardiac Cycle
Please use this animation, which was also used in Activity 2, to help you connect the EKG and heart sounds to the movement of blood in the heart by completing this worksheet.
Activity 4 - Exchange of Substances
See notes.
A. Strengthen Your Skills
B. Expand Your Knowledge