Muscular System

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary and striated muscles that move the body.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary and striated muscles that form the heart.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary and non-striated muscles that form internal organs.

Chicken Thighs

Dark Meat

More myoglobin (protein that brings oxygen to muscles)
Muscles that are exercised more are darker

White Meat

Contains less myoglobin
Muscles that are exercised less are lighter
Much more lean

Chicken Breast

Muscles of the Wing

Biceps Brachii: Flexes the elbow joint/wing of the chicken. It originates at the supraglenoid cavity, and it inserts at the cranial part of the proximal radius/ulna.
Triceps Brachii: Flexes the shoulder and extends the elbow joint/wing of the chicken (it is the antagonist of the biceps brachii). It originates at the caudal end of the scapula and the proximal humerus, and it inserts at the olecranon process.

Deltoideus: It rotates the wing outward and flexes the shoulder. It originates at the scapular spine and inserts at the deltoid tuberosity.

Superficial Pectoral (Pectoralis Major): It is the main muscle in pushing the wings down. It is superficial to the pectoralis minor. It originates at the sternum and cranial costal cartilages, and it inserts at the medial humerus.
Supracoracoideus (Pectoralis Minor): It is the antagonist of the pectoralis major; it raises the wings up. It originates at the sternum, ribs, and abdominal fascia, and it inserts at the cranial/medial part of the humerus.

Muscles of the Lower Limb

IMG_1206.MOV

M. Iliotibialis

Flexes the hip and extends the knee and the lower leg. This is a longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata. The action of the muscles with the Iliotibialis flex, extend, abduct and laterally and medially rotate the hip. It is also the most superficial muscle of the hip.

M. Sartorius

Flexes the hip and extends the knee. This is the longest muscle in the body. When this muscle contracts it bends the knee. The origin of the muscle is the anterior superior iliac spine, the top and front of the hip bone and the insertion is the medial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia.

M. Semitendinosus

Extends the thigh. If the knee is semiflexed the semitendinosus internally rotates the leg acting together with all the hamstring muscles. This is located on the medial side of the posterior thigh.

M. Semimembranosus

Extends the thigh and extends the knee. This is also located on the posterior thigh. The semimembranosus muscle is the deepest and innermost of the hamstring muscles, found on the inner side of the back of the thigh.

M. Quadriceps Femoris

Extends the thigh and flexes the knee. The muscles differ in their origin but share a common quadriceps femoris tendon which inserts into the patella.

M. Ambiens

Inserts at the origin of the heads of the flexor perforatus muscles. Its a muscle of certain birds having the tendon passing over the knee and connecting with the tendon of the muscle that bends the digits so that the body weight on perching causes the knee to bend and the feet to clasp on the perch on which the bird sits.

M. Adductor Longus

This adducts and extends the thigh at the hip joint. The adductor longus is one of the main muscles that receives nerves from the lumbar plexus. This muscle also helps to maintain balance.

M. Gastrocnemius

This flexes the knee and extends the foot. This allows for propulsion during running, walking and jumping. It is one of the largest muscles responsible for walking and balance.

M. Tibialis Anterior

This flexes the tarsometatarsus forward and inverts it at the subtalar joint. This plays an important role in walking by stabilizing the tarsal joint.

In this movie you can see the Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and the Quadriceps femoris working to extend and flex the thigh and knee.

IMG-1190.MOV

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