Marine EM & climate change
Earth's salty oceans are electrically conductive fluid passing through Earth's variable main magnetic field-- so they induce electric currents and magnetic fields of their own. Marine magnetic fields depend on the given ocean flow's transport and electrical conductivity (which in turn depends on temperature and salinity). Thus, monitoring marine magnetic fields can be a method for studying our oceans' changing transport, temperature, and salinity.
Below: figure from Schnepf 2017.
Publications
J. Velimsky, N. R. Schnepf, M. Nair, & N. P. Thomas (2021). Can seafloor voltage cables be used to study large scale transport? An investigation in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean Science, 17, doi.org/10.5194/os-17-383-2021.
L. Sachl, Z. Martinec, J. Velimsky, C. Irrgang, J. Petereit, J. Saynisch, D. Einšpigel, N. R. Schnepf (2019). Modelling of electromagnetic signatures of global ocean circulation: Physical approximations and numerical issues. Earth, Planets and Space, 71, doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1033-7.
N. R. Schnepf (2017). Going electric: Incorporating marine electromagnetism into ocean assimilation models. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 9(4), 1772-1775, doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001130.
Greene, C. H., B. C. Monger, L. P. McGarry, M. D. Connelly, N. R. Schnepf, A. J. Pershing, I. M. Belkin, P. S. Fratantoni, D. G. Mountain, R. S. Pickart, R. Ji, J. J. Bisagni, C. Chen, S. M. Hakkinen, D. B. Haidvogel, J. Wang, E. Head, P. Smith, & A. Conversi. (2012). Recent Arctic climate change and its remote forcing of Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems. Oceanography, 25(3), 208-213.