Haskell is a purely functional programming language designed for mathematical precision and reliability. It was developed in 1990 by a committee of researchers as a standardized, non-strict, statically typed language. Haskell is mainly used in academic research, finance, and high-assurance systems due to its strong type system and lazy evaluation, which help minimize side effects. It is a compiled language, typically using the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). Haskell is open-source, with an active community contributing to its development.

Rust is a systems programming language developed by Mozilla and first released in 2010. It was designed to provide memory safety and concurrency without the need for a garbage collector, making it an alternative to C and C++ for systems-level programming. Rust is used for building operating systems, web assembly, game engines, and blockchain applications due to its emphasis on speed and security. It is a compiled language, primarily using the rustc compiler. Rust is fully open-source, with its development managed by the Rust Foundation and a thriving community.

Scheme is a dialect of Lisp, developed in the mid-1970s by Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman at MIT. It was designed to be a minimalist, flexible functional programming language with first-class procedures and lexical scoping. Scheme is used in computer science education, AI research, and scripting. It is primarily interpreted, though some implementations (e.g., Chez Scheme) allow for compilation. Scheme is open-source, with multiple implementations available, including Racket and Guile.

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed in 1995 by MySQL AB, later acquired by Oracle. It was designed for efficient data storage, retrieval, and management, making it one of the most widely used databases for web applications, data warehousing, and cloud computing. MySQL is an interpreted language, as it processes SQL queries dynamically rather than compiling them into machine code. It is open-source, but Oracle offers a commercial version with additional features.

Matlab was not created originally to be a programming language, it was a simple matrix calculator. However, the first implementation of the language was created in 1984.  Today, it is a high-level programming language and computing environment developed by MathWorks. It was designed primarily for numerical computing, data analysis, and algorithm development, making it widely used in engineering, scientific research, and financial modeling. MATLAB provides built-in support for matrix operations, signal processing, machine learning, and visualization, allowing users to perform complex mathematical computations with minimal coding effort. It is an interpreted language.  MATLAB is proprietary software, requiring a paid license, though MathWorks offers free versions for students and educators. Its extensive libraries, toolboxes, and ease of use make it a preferred choice in academia and industry for tasks involving data visualization, simulations, and prototyping.