Brown Fields
Today, the site of the Kyanizing plant along Lowell's Pawtucket Canal is a "brownfield," a tract of land that was developed for industrial purposes, polluted, and then abandoned. State and federal scientists have found harmful chemicals (PCBs, mercury, and dioxins) in the soil. Other nearby sites of heavy industry, like the Silresim Site near Meadow Brook and East Pond, have also been found to have contaminated the soil and groundwater.
Wastewater - Combined Sewage Overflows
In April 2020, Lowell Wastewater Utility, the plant responsible for cleaning sewage before discharging clean water back into the ecosystem, dumped 84 million gallons of rainwater mixed with untreated sewage into the Merrimack River. Combined sewage overflows happen when, usually due to a weather event, too much water rushes through the city’s outdated water pipes. The large amount of liquid overwhelms the water treatment plant’s antiquated infrastructure, forcing it to discharge everything in the system — including raw sewage from toilets and septic tanks — straight into the Merrimack River. Within days of the 2020 sewage/rainwater release, the bacteria levels in the river downstream at Newburyport were over six times the maximum level safe for swimming.
In January 2021, Governor Baker signed “An Act Promoting Awareness of Sewage in Public Waters” into law which requires water treatment facilities to notify the public when they release untreated sewage, including combined sewage overflows, into Massachusetts waters.
Superfund Sites
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, "thousands of contaminated sites [known as Superfund sites] exist nationally due to hazardous waste being dumped, left out in the open, or otherwise improperly managed. These sites include manufacturing facilities, processing plants, landfills and mining sites." There are over 35 Superfund Sites in the state of Massachusetts, including sites in the Merrimack watershed communities of Lowell, Sudbury, Devens, Haverhill, Tyngsborough, Tewksbury, Acton, Concord, and Billerica.
Environmental Justice in the Merrimack Valley
Individuals, community groups, and local governments have been working together to ensure a clean and healthy environment for all residents in the Merrimack Valley. Their work is referred to as environmental justice, or the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
In Lawrence and Lowell, groups like Groundwork Lawrence, Mill City Grows, Lowell Parks and Conservation Trust, The Bike Connector, and Merrimack River Watershed Council are working to protect their communities from pollution by supporting locally grown food (which reduces carbon dioxide pollution from trucking food to other parts of the country); providing clean, healthy transportation alternatives; or improving access, green infrastructure, and environmental protections.
What environmental justice organizations are in your community? How can you help be a part of the solution?
Why is so much pollution found in disadvantaged communities? (reading): https://www.eopugetsound.org/magazine/IS/pollution-disadvantaged-communities
Combined Sewage Overflows (reading): https://merrimack.org/cso/
Visit a wastewater treatment plant near you (activity): https://www.mass.gov/info-details/wastewater-treatment-plants
MA Teens Fight for New Climate Change Curriculum (reading): https://www.capeandislands.org/science-environment/2020-11-24/teens-fight-for-new-climate-change-curriculum-in-mass-schools
What is Environmental Justice (activity): https://www.learningforjustice.org/classroom-resources/lessons/analyzing-environmental-justice
State Organizations - Climate Justice Resources (reading): https://naaee.org/eepro/resources/climate-change-education-and-climate
Image 3: Boston Globe