Archeological: Adjective of the word "archeology," which, literally translated, means "ancient knowledge," is the process of understanding past societies by studying the physical remains of human activity. It is the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains.
Just like people everywhere, and over the course of thousands of years, native people in the Northeast were engineers, creating practices and tools to make their lives easier and more comfortable. Using the natural resources available to them (bone, antler, stone, wood, etc.), they crafted woodworking, farming, and hunting tools. The archaeological evidence they left behind, objects such as arrowheads and stone tools, give us clues as to what they ate and how they lived.
An archaeologist studies how people in the past lived. Often, a rich source of evidence is the trash people throw away. Archaeologists sometimes dig for evidence of how people lived and find it in everyday objects, symbolic expression (art), evidence of what was eaten, and what technology they invented. Archaeologists ask questions and look for answers in landscapes, structures, and objects.
Normanskill chert is a compact, quartz-based sedimentary rock that comes in a variety of colors, including red, black, and green. Many native people of the Northeast, including the Pennacook, made tools from this material.
This gouge tool, used for woodworking, from the Middle or Late Archaic Period (6000 – 3000 years ago), was found in what is now Lowell.
These tools, from left to right, represent weapons used by native people from 6000 – 500 years ago. The earliest native people relied primarily on spears. About 500 years ago, native people developed the technology to make the smaller and more precise arrow designs on the right. This allowed them to hunt smaller, faster animals more efficiently while still relying on spears for larger prey.