Spreadsheets have been around for centuries, originally as very large sheets of paper with information hand written in columns and rows. These spreadsheets were very important, but were very labor-intensive and expensive to produce. They were out of reach for all but the biggest projects.
When the first electronic spreadsheet was released in 1979, it was one of the primary reasons for the growth of the personal computer industry. A business could cheaply create their own spreadsheets to identify what was happening in their business, and could project the results of changes that might occur. It became much easier to decide what products to produce and where to sell them to make the most money. Very quickly, no business could afford to be without the insight spreadsheets could provide.
The demand for computers that could run spreadsheet software meant that computers were mass produced, driving the prices down dramatically. Computing power rose quickly in response to that demand, as well, leading to the point where there are literally more computers than humans now in existence. So, if you enjoy your iphone, tablet, and laptop, thank a spreadsheet!
Spreadsheets organize data into vertical columns and horizontal rows. Each row is named with a number, and each column with a letter. The intersection of a column and row is called a cell, and holds a single piece of data.
A cell is named by its column and row. For example, the cell in column A and row 1 is called A1. If you’ve ever played the game Battleship, this will be very familiar!
A group of cells is called a range. Ranges of cells are named using a colon, so the range containing the first 5 cells in column A would be named A1:A5.
The highlighted cell is in Column B, and Row 5. It is named B5.
Spreadsheets are great at making data easy to see and understand. But it pays off to take some time with your spreadsheets to make them easy to read. For example, making the first row into a "header", which describes what is in each column, makes a huge difference in how easily someone can interpret the data. You can even make the header always appear at the top of the spreadsheet, so that you can tell what's what even when scrolling down the page. You can do the same thing with the first column of data, to identify what's in each row. You can also change the sizes of columns or rows, so that the data fits inside.
Data in cells can be formatted just like text in a document. You can change size, font, color, alignment, and more. You can also format the cells themselves. You can change the border, background color, and size of each cell, row, or column, or even join two or more cells together (called a “merge”). Most of the formatting options are found on the toolbar. Some others are in the format menu, or in the context menu (right-click or 2-finger click). Make sure you look through all these options and play around with them. There are a lot of possibilities!
Data is also formatted into data types. You can set a range of cells to be formatted as a number with a certain number of decimal points after it, as money, as a date, or as text, just to name a few examples. This can save you a lot of time, and make your data much easier to read. It can also help keep you from making mistakes, like multiplying text by a date.
Sorting data
You may want to change the order of your data, for example, to put names in alphabetical order, or to rank numbers from highest to lowest. You can do this using the Data menu at the top of the spreadsheet. Be careful, because if you sort the range, you will not sort any other rows than the ones selected. To sort all the data by the values in one column, make sure to sort the sheet. Sorting will not effect calculations on the sheet, but might effect other spreadsheets that reference that sheet.
Try it out
Complete the Naming, Formatting, and Sorting tabs of the Spreadsheet Practice spreadsheet below. You will need to make your own copy of the spreadsheet.
Quiz Time!