Language in Brief

Language therapy targets specific areas of weakness that an individual child presents with in communicating. The goal of language therapy is not to teach the school curriculum but to improve overall language skills to prepare the child to succeed in school.

Language is the comprehension and/or use of a spoken (i.e., listening and speaking), written (i.e., reading and writing) and/or other communication symbol system (e.g., American Sign Language).

Language can be classified as receptive (i.e., listening and reading) and expressive (i.e., speaking and writing). In some cases, augmentative/alternative communication may be required for individuals demonstrating impairments in gestural, spoken, and/or written modalities. (ASHA, 1993).

Spoken language and written language and their associated components (i.e., receptive and expressive) are each an interactive system comprised of individual language domains (i.e., phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) that form a dynamic integrative whole (Berko Gleason, 2005). Descriptions of the five language domains follow.

Phonology—study of the speech sound (i.e., phoneme) system of a language, including the rules for combining and using phonemes.

Morphology (Grammar)—study of the rules that govern how morphemes, the minimal meaningful units of language, are used in a language

Syntax—the rules that pertain to the ways in which words can be combined to form sentences in a language.

Semantics—the meaning of words and combinations of words in a language.

Pragmatics—the rules associated with the use of language in conversation and broader social situations.

Taken from The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website on 12/19/2017

ASHA - Language in Brief