小號 Trumpet

小號也就是俗稱的小喇叭，是金屬製細薄的圓筒管，在尾端四分之一長的地方擴大成為喇叭口，有三個活塞裝置，吹奏時用右手食指、中指、無名指按活塞，左手協助支持樂器。其音色雄壯、嘹亮，可以看成是銅管樂器中的女高音，常用的有三種降 B 調、F 調、A 調。是交響樂團及軍樂隊重要的樂器， 常用於吹奏主旋律。由於小號的音色變化多端，在近代受到流行音樂及爵士樂青睞。小號用高音譜表記譜。 

The trumpet is a thin cylindrical tube made of metal. It widens into a bell-shaped mouthpiece at about one-fourth of its length from the end. The trumpet is equipped with three valves. When playing, the player uses their right-hand index, middle, and ring fingers to press the valves, while the left hand assists in supporting the instrument. It has a majestic and bright tone and can be considered the soprano of the brass instruments. The most commonly used trumpets are in the keys of B-flat, F, and A. It is an important instrument in symphony orchestras and military bands, often used to play the main melody. Due to the trumpet's versatile tone, it has gained popularity in contemporary music and jazz. The trumpet is notated in the treble clef.

法國號 French Horn

法國號又名圓號，是中音銅管樂器，外型是長管盤成的圓圈型，尾部則擴大成漏斗狀的喇叭口的樂器。其音域比小號低，在銅管樂器中是音域最廣的，它也是木管與弦樂音色的橋樑。法國號是移調樂器，一般定在Ｆ調，其音色溫和、淳厚而高雅，而泛音也是所有樂器中最多的。法國號有三個活瓣。吹奏時用左手食指、中指、無名指案活瓣，右手協助支持樂器 ，甚至微調音色。大多以高音譜號記譜，有時也會採用低音譜號。  

The French horn, also known as the "horn," is a mid-range brass instrument. It has a distinctive shape, with a long tube coiled into a circular shape, and a flared bell-shaped mouthpiece at the end. It has a lower range compared to the trumpet and is known for having the widest range among brass instruments. It serves as a bridge between the woodwind and string sections in an orchestra. The French horn is a transposing instrument, commonly pitched in F. It has a warm, rich, and elegant tone, and produces the most overtones among all instruments. The French horn has three valves. When playing, the player uses their left-hand index, middle, and ring fingers to press the valves, while the right hand assists in supporting the instrument and making subtle adjustments to the tone. It is often notated in the treble clef, although occasionally it may use the bass clef.

長號 Trombone

長號也就是俗稱的伸縮喇叭，是銅管樂器類的中低音樂器。長號的長度約為小號二倍，它是銅管樂器中唯一不靠按鍵，而用一伸縮管來回拉奏，通常有次中音、中音、低音三種。演奏時利用右手前後拉動音管，而後再靠氣來控制來發聲，其音色 淳厚、煇煌而寬廣，滑音更是長號的特色之一，可為合奏中增添許多色彩。它的音域比小號低了八度音，約有三個八度的音域。管弦樂曲中，長號大多數時候扮演中低音的伴奏角色，通常使用低音譜號或次中音譜號記譜。   

The trombone is a brass instrument that belongs to the mid to low range. The trombone's length is approximately twice that of a trumpet. Unlike other brass instruments, the trombone does not rely on keys or valves. Instead, it uses a slide, a telescoping tube, to produce different pitches. There are typically three types of trombones: alto, tenor, and bass.

When playing the trombone, the player uses their right hand to move the slide back and forth, while using air to control the sound production. The trombone has a rich, brilliant, and wide-ranging tone. One of its distinctive features is the ability to perform smooth glissando, adding a lot of color to ensemble playing. Its range is one octave lower than that of the trumpet, covering approximately three octaves.

In orchestral music, the trombone often plays an accompanying role in the mid to low range. It is typically notated using the bass clef or the tenor clef.

次中音號 Baritone

次中音號的外形極像大號，故此有人稱它們為「縮水」大號。但由於次中音號的吹管捲起成為梨形，而不是像長號一般張開，所以它們的音色較和暖、滋潤，且富有彈性。 

The baritone, also known as the euphonium, has a striking resemblance to the tuba, which is why some people refer to it as a "scaled-down" tuba. However, the euphonium differs in shape as its tubing is coiled into a pear shape, rather than being fully expanded like the tuba. As a result, the euphonium produces a warmer, mellower tone that is rich and flexible.

低音號 Tuba

低音號也稱為大號，俗稱土巴號，兼有小號及長號二者的特點，它不是移調樂器，以 C 調為基調。大號外型呈圓錐狀，底端是一個很大的喇叭型開口，發音管租而長，發音稍遲鈍，吹奏時耗氣量很大。在吹奏樂中擔任最低音部，與長號聯合起來形成堅固的低音，是樂團合奏時不可或缺的角色，其音色飽滿、穩重，音域比小號低二個八度，其本身有三個八度的音域。採用低音譜表記譜。 

The tuba combines characteristics of both the trumpet and trombone. It is not a transposing instrument and is based on the key of C. The tuba has a rounded conical shape, with a large bell-shaped opening at the bottom. Its tubing is long, resulting in a slightly delayed and mellow sound. Playing the tuba requires a significant amount of air.

In an ensemble, the tuba plays the lowest part, combining with the trombone to form a strong bass foundation. It is an essential instrument in orchestral performances. The tuba produces a full and resonant tone. Its range is two octaves lower than that of the trumpet, spanning three octaves in total. It is notated using the bass clef.