Notes & Tools

Quiz #1 - Drawing

Linear Perspective, definition & when it was invented: The mathematical system that allows an artist to create depth logically and consistently. It was invented during the Renaissance.

Parallel: Never intersecting.

Perpendicular: Two lines that intersect to create a 90 degree angle.

Horizon Line: Where the sky meets the ground.

Vanishing Point: The dot where all lines appear to come together.

Convergence Lines (Orthogonals): The lines that appear to converge at the Vanishing Point.

Foreshortening: Objects get smaller and closer together in the distance.

Ellipse: A circle seen in perspective.

Contour Drawing: The outline drawing (no value).

Graded Value Scale: A slow blended transition of value from dark to light.

Stepped Value Scale: Each box has a different value.

Composition: The plan, placement, or arrangement of the Elements according to the Principles.

Viewfinder: What a photographer looks through to compose a photograph.

Zooming: Getting very close-up or far away.

Cropping: Cutting off a part of objects to create a more interesting composition.

Hatching & Cross-hatching: Closely spaced parallel lines to create value.

Stippling: Tiny dots to create value.

Scratchboard: A white surface coated with black India Ink.

Nib: The sharp tool used for Scratchboard.

Quiz #2 - Painting

Monochromatic: A painting composed of more than one value of only one color.

Hue: Another name for color.

Intensity: The brightness or dullness of a color. (Don’t confuse with Value)

Color Wheel: The chart that organizes the colors.

Primary Colors: Red, Blue, Yellow

Secondary Colors: Mix two Primary Colors together - Purple, Orange, and Green

Tertiary Colors/Intermediate: Mix one Primary and one Secondary - Blue-green or yellow-orange, etc.

Neutrals- Black, White, Gray, and Brown

Analogous Colors: Colors next to one another on the color wheel.

Complementary Colors: Colors across from one another on the color wheel.

Cool Colors: Blue, Purple, and Green

Warm Colors: Yellow, Orange, and Red

Wash: Spreading water on the paper first and then adding the color.

Graded Wash: Spreading water first on the paper, and then adding color from dark to light.

Dry Brush: Not much water; good for detail.

Pointillism: (Same as stippling) An artwork composed of tiny dots.

*Oil MOST OPAQUE

*Acrylic

*Tempera

*Gouache

*Watercolor LEAST OPAQUE

Tint: Lightening a color by adding white.

Shade: Darkening a color by adding black.

Transparent/Translucent: See through.

Opaque: Not see through.

Resist: Protects the paper to keep it white, so that the paint doesn’t soak in. (Good examples are - Masking Fluid, Oil Pastel, Crayon, Masking Tape, etc.)

Blotting: Dabbing off paint with a tissue or paper towel; good for clouds.

Types of Brushes: Round - Pointed, and good for small areas and detail.

Flat - Good for large areas.

Quiz #3 - Clay

Porcelain: An expensive white clay used in fine China.

Talc: The white/grayish clay that we use in class.

Terracotta: The reddish clay that contains a lot of minerals.

Greenware: Any unfired piece of clay.

Bisqueware: Clay fired once without any glaze.

Slurry: The stage of clay when it has a lot of water and is very mushy.

Plastic: Right out of the bucket; malleable and holds shape.

Leatherhard: Dry, but still wet enough to join pieces together and carve designs.

Bonedry: Totally dry and unworkable; ready to be fired.

Glazed: Paint for clay; like glass.

Kiln: The electric machine used to fire clay in (2000 degrees).

Igneous Rock: The decomposed type of rock that makes up clay.

Slip: Clay and water mixed into a milkshake consistency; used to join pieces.

Score: When you scratch two pieces to be joined together.

Wedge: Throwing or forcibly kneading the clay to free it from air bubbles.

Clay Tools: Loop tool, Rib, Wire, Fettling Knife, Needle, Elephant Ear/Synthetic Sponge, Wooden Tools, Rolling Pin, Thickness Sticks.

Types of Art/Misc. Vocab for Final Exam---->

Op Art: An optical illusion; appears as if it is popping out or moving.

Non-Objective Art/Abstract Art: Does not look like anything; random lines, shapes, etc.

Art Medium: Material used to create art (pencil, clay, charcoal, plaster, etc).

Still Life: Objects set up for you to draw.

Repetition: Repeating something.

Active: Refers to a artwork where there appears to be motion.

Static: Refers to an artwork that looks very still; no motion.