The invention of the wheel began around 3500 BCE in Sumer and was a pivotal moment in history. The wheel transformed Mesopotamia through trade, transportation, art, and tableware. The wheel was organized on a turning axle placed onto solid wood discs. (“10000 Years of Economy”) permitting it to spin ;and hold up the pressure of the chariots. This development of the wheel made and continues to make everyday life easier.

The wheel was first used as a potter's wheel. (Shackleton et al. 8; Rao) The wheel provided for the early civilizations by breaking down plants for cooking and making flour. (Shackleton et al. 8.) Mesopotamians initially invented ships to travel (Khan Academy), but they soon realized these were unsuitable for land, eventually developing chariots in 3,000 B.C. (Mark) which met their transportation needs. The wheel supported the operation of massive objects and the shipment of materials and people. This innovation allowed trade systems to form, port goods, and provide economic flourishment to civilizations. The wheel impacted the efficiency of commerce by using carts when transporting goods to trade. (Rao; Mark.) This utilization of the wheel went on to promote trade between different countries, transportation, and provided the civilizations with food. 

The invention of the wheel has had an everlasting effect on humanity and modern life. "Wheels make modern transportation possible." (Shackleton et al. 14.) This statement shows how the early Mesopotamians laid down the foundations of the wheel and how it played a part in revolutionizing modern vehicles. Furthermore, the wheel has promoted various energy utilization essential for modern-day societies to thrive. Through innovations such as the waterwheel, windmills, and the steam engine, (Shackleton et al. 10-13) these advancements illustrate the direct influence the wheel has had on both ancient and modern civilizations. They display progress throughout history and demonstrate the wheel's life-changing role in shaping every civilization that emerged after Mesopotamia.