Embedded Files
Home Page:
Home Page:
Cartwright, Mark. “The Crusaders: Causes & Goals.” World History Encyclopedia, 4 July 2018, https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1249/the-crusades-causes--goals/. Accessed 1 November 2024.
Department of Medieval Art and The Cloisters. “Stained Glass in Medieval Europe.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/glas/hd_glas.htm
European Use of Wind Power - Electricity & Alternative Energy - Alberta’s Energy Heritage.” Www.history.alberta.ca, www.history.alberta.ca/energyheritage/energy/wind-power/european-use-of-wind-power.aspx.
Flax, Matthew. “10 Major Turning Points of the Middle Ages.” Owlcation, 30 July 2024, https://owlcation.com/humanities/medieval-events. Accessed 31 October 2024.
“How the Borders Within Europe Changed During the Middle Ages.” Medievalists.net, https://www.medievalists.net/2024/06/borders-europe-middle-ages/. Accessed 31 October 2024.
"Medieval Eyeglasses.” Www.medievalchronicles.com, www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-history/medieval-inventions-list/eyeglasses/.
Ross, Nancy. “Introduction to the middle ages.” Khan Academy, https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/beginners-guide-to-medieval-europe/basics-medieval/a/introduction-to-the-middle-ages. Accessed 1 November 2024.
Image 5 - https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fmiddle-ages%2Fmiddle-ages&sa=D
Image 6 - https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fglas%2Fhd_glas.htm&sa=D
Image 8 - https://mrcolwellhistory.weebly.com/medieval-map-of-europe.html
Eyeglasses:
Eyeglasses:
“Eyeglasses: What They Are, How They Work, Parts & Types.” Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, 21 February 2024, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/eyeglasses. Accessed 2 October 2024.
Pillay, Rayishnee, et al. “Historical Development, Applications and Advances in Materials Used in Spectacle Lenses and Contact Lenses.” NCBI, Dove Medical Press Limited, 29 September 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7532918/. Accessed 6 October 2024.
Roos, Dave. “7 Ways the Printing Press Changed the World.” History, A&E Television Networks, 27 March 2023, https://www.history.com/news/printing-press-renaissance. Accessed 7 November 2024.
“Types of Glasses and Eyeglass Frames.” Warby Parker, 10 September 2024, https://www.warbyparker.com/learn/types-of-glasses. Accessed 7 October 2024.
“When Were Glasses Invented?” Warby Parker, 20 May 2024, https://www.warbyparker.com/learn/when-were-glasses-invented. Accessed 7 November 2024.
Image 1 - https://interestingpretties.blogspot.com/2013/01/medieval-glasses-and-viking-reading.html
Image 2 - https://cdalebrittain.blogspot.com/2016/07/eyeglasses-in-middle-ages.html
Image 3 - https://www.warbyparker.com/learn/glasses-styles-and-shapes
Mechanical Clock:
Mechanical Clock:
Andrewes, William JH. “A Chronicle Of Timekeeping.” Scientific American, 1 February 2006, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-chronicle-of-timekeeping-2006-02/. Accessed 7 November 2024.
Howard, E., et al. “NMAH | On Time | Synchronizing Time.” National Museum of American History, 1999-2007, https://www.americanhistory.si.edu/ontime/synchronizing/discipline.html. Accessed 7 November 2024.
Lienhard, John H. The First Mechanical Clocks. University of Houston, 2024. https://engines.egr.uh.edu/episode/1506. Accessed 16 October 2024.
Medieval Chronicles. “Mechanical Clock *Medieval Inventions.” Medieval Chronicles, 2011, https://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-history/medieval-inventions-list/mechanical-clock/. Accessed 17 October 2024.
Seiko Holdings Corporation. “First-ever mechanical clock | THE SEIKO MUSEUM GINZA.” セイコーミュージアム, 2020, https://museum.seiko.co.jp/en/knowledge/MechanicalTimepieces01/. Accessed 16 October 2024.
Truitt, Ellie R. “The Invention of Time: Mechanical Clocks and the Age of the Manuscript | Getty360 Calendar.” Getty Museum, 6 October 2021, https://www.getty.edu/visit/cal/events/ev_3354.html. Accessed 16 October 2024.
Image 1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turret_clock
Image 2 - https://www.cityclocksonline.com/history_of_time
Chainmail:
Chainmail:
Alchin, Linda. “Chainmail.” Middle Ages, Lords And Ladies, 7 February 2017, https://www.lordsandladies.org/chainmail.htm. Accessed 10 October 2024.
Cartwright, Mark. “The Armour of an English Medieval Knight.” World History Encyclopedia, 13 June 2018, https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1244/the-armour-of-an-english-medieval-knight/. Accessed 10 October 2024.
Danny. “The impenetrable force of medieval chainmail!” The Loxwood Joust, The Loxwood Joust, https://loxwoodjoust.co.uk/medieval-chainmail-an-impenetrable-force/. Accessed 10 October 2024.
Horn, Clemens, and Dirk H. Breiding. “The Function of Armor in Medieval and Renaissance Europe | Essay.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2024, https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ufarm/hd_ufarm.htm. Accessed 10 October 2024.
Lee, Danny. “Chain Mail · Medieval London Objects · Medieval London.” Medieval London, Fordham University, 2017, https://medievallondon.ace.fordham.edu/exhibits/show/medieval-london-objects/chainmail. Accessed 10 October 2024.
Image 1 - https://www.instructables.com/Chainmail-1/
Image 2 - https://kaswords.com/functional-16g-chainmail-armor-with-coif-set/
Medieval Castles:
Medieval Castles:
Casimir III | King of Poland.” Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/biography/Casimir-III.
English Heritage. “Medieval Architecture.” English Heritage, 2019, www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/medieval/architecture/.
English Heritage. “Medieval Warfare | English Heritage.” English Heritage, 2019, www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/medieval/war/.
Heritage, English. “A Mini Guide to Medieval Castles | Animated History.” YouTube, 7 June 2017, www.youtube.com/w atch?v=RXXDThkJ3Ew.
Windmills:
Windmills:
Lucas, Adam Robert. “Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe.” Technology and Culture, vol. 46, no. 1, 2005, pp. 1–30. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40060793. Accessed 25 Sept. 2024.
Mitchell, Philip. “Changes in Medieval Commerce and Production | Dr. Philip Irving Mitchell | Dallas Baptist University.” Www.dbu.edu, www.dbu.edu/mitchell/medieval-resources/economicchangesmedieval.html.
“The Netherlands Windmill.” Ancient Engineering Technologies, ancientengrtech.wisc.edu/the-netherlands-windmill/.
Wind Energy Technologies Office. “Advantages and Challenges of Wind Energy.” Energy.gov, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, 2022, www.energy.gov/eere/wind/advantages-and-challenges-wind-energy.
“Windmills.” The Engines of Our Ingenuity, 2024, engines.egr.uh.edu/episode/1359. Accessed 28 Oct. 2024.
Image 5 - https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuslim_conquest_of_ Persia&sa=D
Weapons:
Weapons:
Fulton, Michael S. “STOLEN TECHNOLOGY OR INVENTED TERMINOLOGY?: THE ‘TURKISH’ TREBUCHET.” Medieval Warfare, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 44–47. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/48637254. Accessed 27 Sept. 2024.
Rees, Owen. “Draw of the Bow: Comparing Archers of Japan and Britain.” Medieval Warfare, vol. 6, no. 3, 2016, pp. 37–41. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/48578574. Accessed 27 Sept. 2024.
Smith, Kay, and Ruth R. Brown. “THE LONGBOW: MANY QUESTIONS WITH FEW ANSWERS.” Medieval Warfare, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018, pp. 36–37. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/48578880. Accessed 27 Sept. 2024.
Smith, Kay, and Ruth R. Brown. “THE TREBUCHET: SUPER-SIZED SIEGE WEAPON OF THE MIDDLE AGES.” Medieval Warfare, vol. 10, no. 3, 2020, pp. 52–53. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/48714181. Accessed 27 Sept. 2024.
Image 2 - https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fsctbdm.com%2Fwarwolf-trebuchet%2F&sa=D
Page updated
Report abuse