Aleah G.
Cuneiform is a Latin-French word meaning "wedge-shaped". Cuneiform also happens to be the world's oldest writing system. It was first developed around 5000 years ago by the Sumerian people in the ancient city-state of Uruk (modern-day southern Iraq). Cuneiform used to be written by pressing a wedge shaped stylus into wet clay tablets. This technique then evolved into people carving/chiseling the cuneiform symbols into many different types of stone objects. This then further evolved into symbols connecting with sounds for documenting verbal conversations.
Cuneiform was first created during the 3rd millennium BC(3000-3500 BC) . People back then would mainly use cuneiform for recording transactions. Before cuneiform was an official language it was used to write multiple different languages such as Akkadian and Sumerian. It was used for around 3000 years until it fell out of use. Cuneiform was then slowly replaced by alphabetic writing systems. It was then mostly forgotten for around 2000 years until archaeologists discovered tablets some time during the early 19th century.
Above is an image of the oldest documented customer complaint from 1750 BC. It was found in the city of Ur. This tablet is inscribed with cuneiform. This tablet was sent to Ea-nasir from a customer stating that the wrong grade copper had been sent to him. The table has found its place in The British Museum.
The flood tablet is considered the single most famous cuneiform text. It was created around the 7th century BC. The tablet has been deciphered to tell the story of Gilgamesh and talks about God sending a flood to kill all of mankind. This story is very similar to the Christian story of Noah's Ark.
In ancient city-states cuneiform was used for many different important things such as keeping records of temple activities, trade between city-states, and business. Though it was important back then it slowly fell out of use. It may not be used today but it was used to help create about 15 different languages such as Assyrian, Babylonian, Sumerian, and Old Persian. There is also an Assyrian text that shows how the Assyrians observed Mars; these tablets have helped archaeologists try to calculate the dates of Ammi-Saduqa(the first king of Babylon).