Works Cited

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Timeline Information on Origin 

History.com Editors. “Vikings | HISTORY , Origins & Tactics | HISTORY.” HISTORY, 4 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/articles/vikings-history. Accessed 7 Nov. 2025.

History.com Editors. “Vikings | HISTORY , Origins & Tactics | HISTORY.” HISTORY, 4 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/articles/vikings-history.

Accessed 4 Dec. 2025

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Frankish Empire Rhineland 

Iceland 

Hvammur í Dölum 

Portland Dorset 

 Þingvellir, Iceland

Gamla Uppsala, Sweden

Gotland island silver hoard 

Viking Archelogical Sites

Reykjaholt, Iceland

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Homepage picture-

The Viking Ship by Per Brunn

Iron-studded dragons: The Viking warship

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Works Cited:

Ponting, Matthew, and Liz Stewart. “Vikings show their metal.” National Museums Liverpool, July 2023, https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/vikings-show-their-metal.

Lamoureux, Michael G. “The influence of Vikings on European culture.” March/April 2009, https://www.sourcinginnovation.com/archaeology/Arch07.htm#:~:text=While%20initial%20Viking%20conquests%20of,triangle%20with%20cross%2Dlike%20ends.

Soderburg, Anders. “Scandinavian bronze casting in the Viking Age and the Early Middle Ages.” https://www.vikingbronze.com/casting.htm#:~:text=Early%20medieval%20casting%20had%20deep,sworn%20fidelity%20and%20of%20alliances.

Pringle, Heather. The Warrior Women of the Viking Age. vol. 247, National Geographic, 2025.

Ponting, Matthew. “Vikings show their metal!” 4 July 2023, https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/vikings-show-their-metal.

Weapons Page Background- https://www.history.co.uk/articles/top-5-viking-weapons

Figure 1  https://thevikingherald.com/article/a-complete-guide-to-viking-weaponry/418

Figure 2 https://norse-mythology.org/viking-weapons-and-armor-swords-axes-spears-etc/

Figure 3 https://www.jorvikvikingcentre.co.uk/the-vikings/viking-weapons/

Figure 4 ( Seax Knife ) https://fwosi.com/products/22-inch-seax-knife-hand-forged-in-nepal-cleaver-machete?srsltid=AfmBOoo3vRr_s0bK9ARso5cv3poIj_Zdt14i_b0Up8QADQ7X__u0D4TA

Image 7  ( Figure 5 )https://norse-mythology.org/10-best-books-vikings/viking-armor-and-weapons/

Image 8 ( Figure 6 ) https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/news/meet-the-craftsmen-at-the-viking-ship-musuem

Image 9  ( Figure 7 ) https://www.sciencenordic.com/denmark-history-society--culture/archaeologist-discovers-a-new-style-of-viking-combat/1439059

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Citations:

Britannica. “Thing | Scandinavian Political Assembly | Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/topic/thing-Scandinavian-political-assembly.

Accessed on 10/1/25 

https://norse-mythology.org/viking-political-institutions/#:~:text=In%20practice%2C%20however%2C%20when%20the,considerably%20from%20case%20to%20case

McCoy, Daniel. “Viking Political Institutions - Norse Mythology for Smart People.” Norse Mythology for Smart People, 2014, norse-mythology.org/viking-political-institutions/.

Accessed on 9/30/25

https://history.yale.edu/news/vikings-yale-historian-looks-myths-vs-history

Winroth, Anders. “The Vikings: Yale Historian Looks at the Myths vs. the History | Department of History.” Yale.edu, 2013, history.yale.edu/news/vikings-yale-historian-looks-myths-vs-history

Accessed on 10/4/25.

https://oldnorse.org/2022/02/04/viking-age-iceland-a-proto-democratic-community/?srsltid=AfmBOopyT1dEXDudiWXfz65r8IfLvJ_UDAwp4I1AZncKqQr8tDyQZ-Pk

Press, Jules William. “Viking Age Iceland: A Proto-Democratic Community? - Homepage.” Homepage, 4 Feb. 2022, oldnorse.org/2022/02/04/viking-age-iceland-a-proto-democratic-community/?srsltid=AfmBOopyT1dEXDudiWXfz65r8IfLvJ_UDAwp4I1AZncKqQr8tDyQZ-Pk. Accessed 30 Sept. 2025.

Accessed on 10/3/30 

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Citations:

            Adams, Henry. “The Poetic Edda.” Gutenberg, Project Gutenberg, 1 May 2024, www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/73533/pg73533-images.html.

Mark, Joshua J. “Vikings.” World History Encyclopedia, World History Encyclopedia, 29 Jan. 2018, www.worldhistory.org/Vikings/.

“Viking Lore: A Quick Intro to Norse Eddas and Sagas.” Sons of Vikings, Sons of Vikings, 3 July 2020, sonsofvikings.com/blogs/history/viking-lore-a-quick-intro-to-norse-eddas-and-sagas?srsltid=AfmBOopy17UTeU2gJxMQXmcv3Grq19IsHfEG5gaN1fP1GNNmRMAs4BG7.

“Viking Skalds and Storytellers.” History on the Net, Salem Media, 8 June 2014, www.historyonthenet.com/viking-skalds-and- storytellers.

            Britannica Editors. “Snorri Sturluson | Icelandic Writer | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Sept. 2025, www.britannica.com/biography/Snorri-Sturluson.