Introduction Paragraph:
Edzard, Dietz O, and von Soden. “History of Mesopotamia | Summary & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 21 Jan. 2019, www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia
Timeline:
1st Point- “History of Uruk.” Staff.cdms.westernsydney.edu.au, staff.cdms.westernsydney.edu.au/~anton/Research/Uruk_Project/History.html/
2nd Point- Mark, Joshua J. “Cuneiform.” World History Encyclopedia, 17 Nov. 2022, www.worldhistory.org/cuneiform/.
3rd Point- https://www.howstuffworks.com/jonathan-strickland-author.htm. “When and Why Did We Invent War?” HowStuffWorks, 30 Aug. 2010, science.howstuffworks.com/invent-war.htm.
4th Point- Sar-El Tours and Conferences. “Why Was Babylon Destroyed?” Sareltours.com, 28 May 2025, sareltours.com/article/why-was-babylon-destroyed.
5th Point- “What Is an Empire?” Https://Www.oerproject.com/, 2024, www.oerproject.com/OER-Materials/OER-Media/HTML-Articles/Origins/Unit3/What-is-an-Empire. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
6th Point- Mark, Joshua. “Code of Ur-Nammu.” World History Encyclopedia, 26 Oct. 2021, www.worldhistory.org/Code_of_Ur-Nammu/.
7th Point- Britannica. “Code of Hammurabi | Summary & History.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 6 Dec. 2018, www.britannica.com/topic/Code-of-Hammurabi.
8th Point- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Gilgamesh | Epic, Summary, & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/topic/Gilgamesh.
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Information:
Bellis, Mary. "The Invention of the Wheel." ThoughtCo, Jul. 14, 2024, thoughtco.com/the-invention-of-the-wheel-1992669. Accessed 27 September 2025.
Cierra Tolentino, "Who Invented the Wheel? History of the Wheel", History Cooperative, November 2, 2023, https://historycooperative.org/who-invented-the-wheel/. Accessed 27 September 2025.
Hays, Jeffrey. “Transportation in Ancient Mesopotamia: Horses, Kunga, Carts and Boats, Facts and Details, July 2024, africame.factsanddetails.com/article/entry-1024.html. Accessed 27 September 2025.
Megan Gambino, “A Salute To The Wheel”, Smithsonian Magazine, June 17 2009, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-salute-to-the-wheel-31805121/ Accessed 27 Septemeber 2025.
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“12.5: Mesopotamia.”Humanities LibreTexts, 30 June 2024, human.libretexts.org/Workbench/Intro_to_Art/12%3A_The_Stone_Age/12.05%3A_Mesopotamia.
Ducksters. “Ancient Mesopotamia: Artisans, Art, and Craftsmen.” Ducksters.com, 2019, www.ducksters.com/history/mesopotamia/artisans_art_craftsmen.php.
History On The Net. “Mesopotamian Education and Schools - History.” History, 19 Sept. 2014, www.historyonthenet.com/mesopotamian-education-and-schools.
Sanders, Akiva. “An Aesthetic of Resistance: Beauty and Power in Northern Mesopotamia.”Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, vol. 59, Elsevier BV, Sept. 2020, p. 101174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101174. Accessed 17 Oct. 2025.)
“The Importance of Clay Tablets in Ancient Civilizations - LIS (Library & Information Science) Academy.” LIS (Library & Information Science) Academy, 7 Feb. 2024, lis.academy/preservation-conservation-of-library-material/importance-clay-tablets-ancient-civilizations/#google_vignette.
Van Buylaere, Greta, et al. “Clay Pit, You Are the Creator of God and Man!”: Textual Evidence for the Sources of Raw Clay Used in Mesopotamia. 2019, discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10075627/1/ORIENT_MIKASA_VOLUME_03-03_Buylaere-Watanabe-Altaweel.pdf.
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Crabben, Jan van Der. “Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent & Mesopotamia.” World History Encyclopedia, World History Encyclopedia, 22 Mar. 2023, www.worldhistory.org/article/9/agriculture-in-the-fertile-crescent--mesopotamia/.
Timeless Myths. “Mesopotamia Irrigation: The Promise of a Bountiful Harvest.” Timeless Myths, 11 Jan. 2022, timelessmyths.com/stories/mesopotamia-irrigation.
Hays, Jeffrey. “Irrigation in Ancient Mesopotamia: Canals, Importance, Politics | Middle East and North Africa — Facts and Details.” Factsanddetails.com, 2020, africame.factsanddetails.com/article/entry-1023.html.
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Information:
Cooch, Mary. “Ziggurat at Ur | History, Description, & Facts | Britannica.” Www.britannica.com, 30 Nov. 2023, www.britannica.com/topic/ziggurat-at-Ur.
TOURS, IRANSAFAR. “What Is a Ziggurat?” Travel to Iran | Iran Travel Agency, 9 Nov. 2021, www.iransafar.co/what-is-a-ziggurat/
“What Is a Ziggurat?” Travel to Iran | Iran Travel Agency, 9 Nov. 2021, www.iransafar.co/what-is-a-ziggurat/.
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