Works Cited

Works Cited

“An Introduction to Ancient China - Education - Asian Art Museum.” Education, education.asianart.org/resources/an-introduction-to-ancient-china/.

Britannica. “History of China.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-China.

“Cai Lun Invents Paper | EBSCO.” EBSCO Information Services, Inc. | Www.ebsco.com, 2022, www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/cai-lun-invents-paper.

“Early Chinese Compass – 400 BC - Magnet Academy.” Nationalmaglab.org, 2023, nationalmaglab.org/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/museum/early-chinese-compass-400-bc/.

“Firearms.” Washington.edu, 2025, depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/miltech/firearms.htm#farr. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

“Gunpowder: Origins in the East.” Brown.edu, 2025, webhelper.brown.edu/joukowsky/courses/13things/7687.html.

“Han Dynasty (206 B.C.–220 A.D.) - the Metropolitan Museum of Art.” Metmuseum.org, Oct. 2000, www.metmuseum.org/essays/han-dynasty-206-b-c-220-a-d.

“Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.), an Introduction – Smarthistory.” Smarthistory.org, smarthistory.org/han-dynasty-intro/.

“Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE).” Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art, 2025, asia-archive.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/explore-by-dynasty/han-dynasty/.

Li, Yuniu, et al. “Cast Iron Smelting and Fining: An Iron Smelting Site of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Xuxiebian, Sichuan Province, China.” Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019, pp. 91–111, muse.jhu.edu/article/725769.

Maya, Jade. “What Is Jade?” Jade Maya, 2025, jademaya.com/pages/what-is-jade?srsltid=AfmBOoqfRvJ46Ubbpuz_S5qdnDRQuOKTcHrzDTOnWP9zZ0BzetqteCxs. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

National Park Service. “Gunpowder - Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (U.S. National Park Service).” Www.nps.gov, 4 May 2015, www.nps.gov/casa/learn/historyculture/gunpowder.htm.

“NOVA Online | Secrets of Lost Empires | China Bridge | Nature’s Miracle Material (2).” Www.pbs.org, www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/china/miracle2.html.

“Part I. The Background of Printing in China.” The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward, Columbia University Press, Dec. 1925, pp. XXXVII–LXVIII, https://doi.org/10.7312/cart93652-003. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.

Qian, Wei, and Xing Huang. “Invention of Cast Iron Smelting in Early China: Archaeological Survey and Numerical Simulation.” 

Advances in Archaeomaterials, vol. 2, no. 1, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aia.2021.04.001.

Rostoker, W., et al. “Casting Farm Implements, Comparable Tools and Hardware in Ancient China.” World Archaeology, vol. 15, no. 2, Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 1983, pp. 196–210, https://doi.org/10.2307/124652. JSTOR.

Szczepanski, Kallie. “How China Invented Gunpowder.” ThoughtCo, 3 July 2019, www.thoughtco.com/invention-of-gunpowder-195160.

“The Han Empire.” Washington.edu, 2021, depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/han/essay.html.

“The Invention and the Applications of the Compass Rose.” Keats School, keatschinese.com/china-culture-resources/the-invention-and-the-applications-of-the-compass-rose/.

Tsin, Michael. “Timelines: CHINA | Asia for Educators | Columbia University.” Afe.easia.columbia.edu, 1995, afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/china_timeline.htm. 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-China

https://www.britannica.com/place/Xian-China

Works Cited

“Ancient Chinese Inventions.” Emaze Presentations, 2015, www.emaze.com/@alciwziq/Ancient-Chinese-Inventions. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Asia for Educators. “The Song Dynasty in China | Asia for Educators.” Afe.easia.columbia.edu, 2025, afe.easia.columbia.edu/songdynasty-module/tech-gunpowder.html.

Bassi, Margherita. “Ancient China: Facts about One of the Most Powerful Ancient Civilizations in the World.” Live Science, 23 May 2025, www.livescience.com/archaeology/ancient-china-facts.

“Early Chinese Compass – 400 BC - Magnet Academy.” Nationalmaglab.org, 2023, nationalmaglab.org/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/museum/early-chinese-compass-400-bc/.

Gorman, Ollie. “Teaching Nomad Discovering the Explosive Legacy: The Inventions of Ancient Chinese Gunpowder and Fireworks -.” Teaching Nomad, 22 Nov. 2023, www.teachingnomad.com/blog/blog/ancient-china-gunpowder-fireworks-inventions/.

“Gunpowder: Origins in the East.” Brown.edu, 2025, webhelper.brown.edu/joukowsky/courses/13things/7687.html.

“Heritage of Anceint China.” Ancient China, 2024, ancientchinablog.weebly.com/heritage-of-anceint-china.html.

History of Simple Things. “How Is Gunpowder Made?” YouTube, 31 Jan. 2025, www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCAWiXrXgx8. Accessed 25 Feb. 2025.

Igor Vladimirovich Popov, and Charles E. Greer. “Yellow River | Definition, Location, Map, & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 17 Apr. 2019, www.britannica.com/place/Yellow-River.

吕伏. “Western Han Dynasty Jade Pendant Reflects a Pursuit of Beautiful Things.” Chinadaily.com.cn, 2019, govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202308/07/WS64d0a697498ea274927c7432/western-han-dynasty-jade-pendant-reflects-a-pursuit-of-beautiful-things.html. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Mark, Joshua. “Silk Road.” World History Encyclopedia, Joshua J. Mark, 1 May 2018, www.worldhistory.org/Silk_Road/.

“NOVA Online | Secrets of Lost Empires | China Bridge | Nature’s Miracle Material (2).” Www.pbs.org, www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/china/miracle2.html.

“The Han Dynasty of Ancient China: Civilization and History.” TimeMaps, timemaps.com/civilizations/the-han-dynasty-of-ancient-china/.

“The Traditional Chinese Iron Industry and Its Modern Fate.” Donwagner.dk, donwagner.dk/Fate/Fate_Figs/Fate_Figs.html.

TimeMaps. “Civilization of Ancient China.” TimeMaps, 2019, https://timemaps.com/civilizations/ancient-China/.

Unknown. “Four Greatest Invention in Ancient China Ep3/4: Paper Making.” Blogspot.com, 2025, chun-li-chinese-culture.blogspot.com/2013/10/four-greatest-invention-in-ancient.html. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

xianglili. “Ancient Chinese Suspension Bridge Architecture in Rainy Days.” 123RF, 2025, www.123rf.com/photo_113639042_ancient-chinese-suspension-bridge-architecture-in-rainy-days.html. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Albiongould.com, 2025, albiongould.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dreamstime_xxl_27342321-1024x655.jpg. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Ftcdn.net, 2025, t4.ftcdn.net/jpg/10/68/38/93/360_F_1068389343_djHgljGyMQZeyM1S9FDGBDSa82tQeV8V.jpg. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Orexca.com, 2025, www.orexca.com/img/silk_road.jpg.

Chinasilkmuseum.com, 2025, www.chinasilkmuseum.com/uploadfiles/2018/06/20180621133402163.jpg. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Doublehappinessmh.com, 2025, doublehappinessmh.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/lishu-calligraphy-ntnu-building-taiwan.jpg?w=768. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Newsela.com, 2025, media.newsela.com/article_media/extra/NewselaSilkRoad.png. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

Gstatic.com, 2025, encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQMuHegR9HirelnKXQ7lK4FtcoSn4zWvr3JCg&s. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025.

China.lu, 2024, china.lu/img/cms/han/6-han-dynasty-calligraphy.jpg.

Istockphoto.com, 2025, media.istockphoto.com/id/485868130/photo/ancient-chinese-words-on-old-paper.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=tjtuLFBIAvHTgdjWI7akzlvFLRnPhEnFrEuPFSzK-SA=. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025. 

Works Cited

“Canva.” Canva, 2025, www.canva.com/design/DAG3Xz9jIt8/PYb5V7lmbwLKheTAt7EK5w/edit?   \utm_content=DAG3Xz9jIt8&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton. Accessed 5 Dec. 2025.

Tsin, Michael. “Timelines: CHINA | Asia for Educators | Columbia University.” Afe.easia.columbia.edu, 1995, afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/china_timeline.htm.