Unit 2

II. Population and Migration . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–17% 

A. Geographical analysis of population 

            1. Density, distribution, and scale 

            2. Implications of various densities and distributions 

            3. Composition: age, sex, income, education, and ethnicity 

            4. Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health 

B. Population growth and decline over time and space 

            1. Historical trends and projections for the future 

            2. Theories of population growth and decline, including 

               the Demographic Transition Model 

            3. Regional variations of demographic transition 

            4. Effects of national population policies: promoting population growth in countries or reducing       fertility rates in others 

            5. Environmental impacts of population change 

           6. Population and natural hazards

C. Migration 

           1. Types of migration: transnational, internal, chain, step, seasonal agriculture (e.g., transhumance), and  rural to urban 

           2. Major historical migrations 

           3. Push and pull factors

           4. Refugees, asylum seekers, etc

           5. Consequences of migration 

IF YOU ONLY LEARN 6 THINGS IN THIS UNIT...

1. The demographic transition model is a tool demographers to characterize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. The model analyzes crude birth rates, crude death rates, and total population trends in a society at a given point in time. Once a country moves into the next stage of the model, it cannot go back to previous stages, unless afflicted by nuclear war or another horrific calamity.

2. British economist Thomas Malthus coned the term overpopulation in the late 1700s. Malthus suggested that the world's population was growing faster than the rate of food production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur. Malthus was correct in his assumption about world population increase but was incorrect in his assessment of agriculture's inability to produce sufficient food. Neo-Malthusians today believe that humanity is ripe for another population calamity.

3. The world's population s growing exponentially. Most of the growth is occurring in less developed countries. More developed countries are either at or near zero population growth. Some Eastern European countries are actually losing some of their population.

4. Population pyramids show the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood. Inverted pyramids indicate a large percentage of elderly persons in the community. A large base indicates a lot of children in the society and could indicate a less developed country.

5. There are four primary push and pull factors: economic, political, environmental, and social indicators. Each of these reasons has caused millions of people to move.

6. Refugees voluntarily leave an area for fear of death or persecution. Forced migrants are forced by the government to move. 

unit 2 reading guides

unit 2 lecture

UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE AND REVIEW

1.     What are the five regions of population concentration? What are the similarities in their geographic location? What are differences that you notice?

2.     Explain the relationship between climate and population distribution. Define Ecumene. 

3.     What is the name of the scientific study of population? Why do geographers believe this to be important?

4.     Explain the four stages of demographic transition. Give an example for each stage.

5.     Compare the transition of MDC’s and LDC’s in the DTM. What factors led to transition?

6.     What does fertility rate mean? What factors led to a decrease in TFR?

7.     Explain dependency ages in relationship to MDCs and LDCs

8.     What is arithmetic density? What does physiological density tell geographers? Agricultural?

9.     Draw a population pyramid for a developed and developing country.  Include and           label ages, sexes, dependency ages and the numbers of people in millions

10.  Who was Thomas Malthus? Explain Malthusian Theory. Explain Neo-Malthusians and opponents to Malthus Theory.

11.  Cyclical vs Periodic Movement. What is the relationship of activity space?

12.  Types of migration: transnational, internal, chain, step, seasonal agricultural, and rural to urban. 

13.  Be able to identify examples of migration as discussed in the text and beyond.

14.  What are refugees?  Where do they come from and where do they go?

15.  Why migrants settle in areas that are not their desired destination?  

16.  What are the two types of Internal (National) Migration?  What are the two types of International Migration?

17.  Ravenstein’s Characteristics of Migration.  Who is more likely to migrate long distances? Are males or females more likely to migrate? How does the origin of Mexican immigrants follow expectations?

18.  What is a maquiladora? How have they affected migration in Mexico and the US?

19.  How has immigration affected the United States over time (US Immigration Patterns)? How has it impacted the United States? Explain the factors for internal migration in the United States?

20.  How has Emigration of Europeans affected other countries?  What fueled the Emigration of Europeans especially after 1800?  Currently how is Europe affected by migration?

21.  What are Quota Laws? Why would countries institute Quota Laws?

22.  What is brain drain and how has the United States contributed to this?

23.  What are examples of temporary migration for work? What are the differences between Economic Migrants and Refugees? Examples of both. 

24.  Examples of Interregional migration in other countries.  Why does it happen?

25.  What are some of the obstacles immigrants face once they are admitted into a country?

26.  What is the ‘center of population gravity’? What does it show? How has it changed in the US?