source1: Impact of Western Cultural Values as Presented in Egyptian Movies
The research constructed by Mariam El Shenawi aimed to examine the influence of the western characteristics and values exhibited in Egyptian movies on educated Egyptians. It also tested if such influence affects how the educated Egyptians view the American and the Egyptian cultures. the initial hypothesis presented in the paper was that influence of the western cultures could be greatly observed in the manner in which educated Egyptians talk and dress up. Furthermore, they considered that the U.S culture was superior to the Egyptian one, as it was based on social identification theory and the cultivation theory . A survey conducted in various parts of Cairo with participants ranging from individuals who obtained a secondary education to professors holding Ph.Ds. additionally, multiple interviews administrated with experts to share their knowledge and concerns on the subject. The results were as follows. 1- the more educated Egyptians feel proud of Egypt, the less they perceive films as a negative representor of their culture. 2- There is no correlation between watch educated Egyptians watching television and how much are they proud of their country. 3- the more educated Egyptians choose to view American over Egyptian ones, the more likely they are to feel proud of the U.S. 4- Educated Egyptians view their movies as a good representor of their culture. 5- educated Egyptians reported that Egyptian films enhances their knowledge of their culture ( El Shenawi, 2013). However, the survey was conducted in parts of Cairo which make it only applicable for educated Egyptians living in that city only; therefore, the results obtained here might not apply to educated individuals living in other parts of Egypt, considering the difference in demographics and subcultures.
source2: The Conflate of Modernization and Westernization and Africa’s Quest for Authentic Civilization and Development
The study by Stephen Nwinya aimed to find the difference between westernization and modernization through observing and analyzing various cases of cultural modernization and evaluating what would be the most appropriate way through which Africa can develop while maintain its identity. the paper inspects how the chines culture has failed to maintain its cultural fundamentals while trying to modernize, for it has caused the Chinese to lose confidence in their culture; thus, they adopted to western values blindly. Another examined case was that of Japan .It was able to successfully able to modernize while still keep its culture conserved due to the fact that Japan was aware of the difference between technical modernization and westernization. The paper anticipates that Africa will have to modernize in a manner similar to that of Japan that would possibly enhance the variety of indigenous cultures there.