John McDonald provides a nice description of null hypothesis significance testing and potential problems with that approach. Read this chapter first to get an good overview of hypothesis testing.
This is the foundation of frequentist statistics. Each video on this link deals with a common hypothesis testing scenario, so you can pick up and apply any of these videos to your own problem.
zedstatistics: Hypothesis testing #1: Basics (no maths!)- 12:41
CrashCourse: How P-Values Help Us Test Hypotheses: Crash Course Statistics #21 (11:52)
Dr. Nic: Understanding where the p-value comes from (6:29)
8.1 The Elements of Hypothesis Testing
8.2 Large Sample Tests for a Population Mean
8.3 The Observed Significance of a Test
8.4 Small Sample Tests for a Population Mean
Layout out seven steps to follow to conduct a typical hypothesis test