Compound Adjectives
1 複合形容詞觀念分析
分詞（V-ing與p.p.）、分詞片語（由關係子句簡化而成）、分詞構句（由副詞子句簡化而成）在英文閱讀與寫作上是相當重要的一環。分詞最重要的訣竅就是主動與被動的判斷，這與複合形容詞的正確使用有相當密切的關係，因為複合形容詞大都是配合分詞組成的。
2 複合形容詞結構①：adj.-V-ing/p.p./N-ed
(1) 形容詞 + V-ing：主動
• an old-looking man → a man who looks old
• a sweet-smelling flower; a nice-looking girl
→ 連綴動詞look/smell/sound/taste/feel 在英文都是主動的觀念。
• The patient is in danger. He has a weak-sounding heart.
(2) 形容詞 + p.p.：被動
• a high-born child → a child who was born into a noble family
• a ready-made（現成的）dress
→ 衣服是被製造的，為被動概念。
• It is convenient for people to buy ready-made clothing.
(3) 形容詞 + N-ed：人體器官或個性、特質
• a bad-tempered man → a man who has a bad temper
• a kind-hearted man; a noble-minded scholar
→ 涉及人體器官（如：eye, heart, mind, tongue, leg, head...）一律使用N-ed用法。
• The cool-headed fireman saved many people in the fire.
3 複合形容詞結構②：adv.-V-ing/p.p.
(1) 副詞 + V-ing：主動
• a fast-growing company → a company which grows fast
• a hard-working student; a fast-moving train
→ 學生認真、火車行走，為主動概念。
• The hard-working clerk has won great praise from customers.
(2) 副詞 + p.p.：被動／完成／慣用
• a long-lived tradition → a tradition that has lasted a long time
• a much-praised teacher; a well-trained doctor; a well-dressed woman
→ 老師被讚美、醫生被訓練、人穿著衣服為慣用語，用被動寫法。
• Jack’s father is a well-known scientist on animal cloning.
注意 這裡的副詞不可為ly結尾，因為ly結尾的副詞與後方的V-ing/p.p.不需要“-”，如：poorly made。
4 複合形容詞結構③：N-V-ing/p.p.
(1) 名詞 + V-ing：主動
• a peace-loving people → a people who love peace
• English-speaking people; man-eating animals
→ 人們講英文、動物吃人，為主動概念。
• The project was so time-consuming that the team had been working overtime for weeks.
(2) 名詞 + p.p.：被動
• a wonder-filled place → a place which is filled with wonders
• a man-caused（人為的）disaster; a hand-made gift
→ 災害是被人引起的、禮物是被製造的，為被動概念。
• The trash-filled street looks disgusting.
注意 複合字當中的名詞不用複數。
5 詞組轉化的複合形容詞結構：
(1) 形容詞 + 名詞：表「高、低」
① low-calorie（低卡路里的）
② high-protein（高蛋白質的）
(2) 名詞 + 形容詞：表「有、無」
① vitamin-rich（富含維他命的）
② sugar-free（無糖的）、salt-free（無鹽的）
(3) 其他：
① on the job → on-the-job training
② out of date → out-of-date product
③ round the clock → round-the-clock store
④ grow up → grown-up daughter
⑤ burn out → burnt-out teacher
⑥ give and take → give-and-take policy
補充練習
A. 將下列劃線部分簡化成複合形容詞
1. We should eat food which builds the body. (N + V-ing)
→ We should eat ____________ food.
2. This is a pair of shoes which was made by hand. (N + p.p.)
→ This is a pair of ____________ shoes.
3. I gave some coins to the beggar who has one leg. (adj. + N-ed)
→ I gave some coins to the ____________ beggar.
4. We mustn’t use language which sounds harsh. (adj. + V-ing)
→ We mustn’t use ____________ language.
5. His father works for a business that is owned by the state. (N + p.p.)
→ His father works for a ____________ business.
B. 引導式翻譯
1. 山姆是個看起來很愚蠢的男孩，但是他心地善良。
Sam is a boy, but he is .
2. 為了和平相處，這兩國採取互相讓步政策。
To live in peace, the two nations take a policy.
3. 他舉止有禮，但事實上，他是個花言巧語的人。
He is , but in fact, he is a fellow.
4. 我們要交思想高尚的朋友，而不要交心胸狹窄的朋友。
We should make rather than friends.
5. 胖的人宜少吃富含油脂的食物。
It is better for fat people to eat less food.
參考答案：
A.
1. body-building 2. hand-made 3. one-legged
4. harsh-sounding 5. state-owned
B.
1. silly-looking, kind-hearted
2. give-and-take
3. well-behaved, smooth-tongued
4. noble-minded, narrow-minded
5. oil-rich