Trap crop and cover crop as a measure to deviate pests from the main crops.
Pros
Trap & cover crops help to increase soil quality by improving the biological, chemical, and physical soil properties.
They suppress weeds and protect water quality by lessening the loss of nutrients, pesticides, and sediment.
Cons
Cost is one of the limitations. Cover crops must be planted only when time and labor, both are limited.
Using hybrid seeds and healthy soil as a prior step for the protection from pests.
Pros
This kind of technology could quickly detect and remove pest invasion from any part of the farm.
This process provides accurate information about the pest invasion and can prevent this from spreading furthermore.
Cons
Plastic nets might cut off the regular fresh air and rainwater, which are important for the better growth of plants.
It can be very costly to maintain the sensors and collected data from this sensor. As this sensor requires high functioning servers.
Using hybrid seeds and healthy soil as a prior step for the protection from pests.
Pros
Hybrid seeds and healthy soil help the crops to grow faster and crops are disease resistant.
Cons
They are more expensive and less nutritious.
They often require more exacting horticulture. When things aren't optimum, they may suffer more than plants grown from non-hybrid, open-pollinated seeds.
Using poisoned baits and pest-eating entities such as lizards and other insects that do not harm the crops, as an offensive measure.
Pros
It is a fully biological measure and does not affect any nearby crops in the farm.
Cons
Adding more number of insects may attract snakes and other poisonous animals that may pose a threat to the farmer.
Monitoring of weather favorable to pests, monitoring of fields and crops, and tracking huge pest attacks (For eg - Locusts) from satellites for early warning.
Pros
Getting early warnings may help farmers to take countermeasures beforehand and take necessary actions and could thus minimize a pest outbreak.
Cons
It is economically not feasible. Also, these satellites require regular maintenance for proper working.
There is no guarantee that it will actually solve the pest problems since there may be larvae below the surface of the soil
Using methods of intercropping and removal of affected leaves to reduce pest reproduction.
Pros
It has informal crop insurance i.e. less risk of complete failure.
This process makes the most of the available soil. This soil and more specifically the nutrients can be used, by the different varieties of crops. Intercropping also averts soil runoff and can prevent the growth of weeds and also provide sufficient pest protection.
Cons
Higher labor cost is involved.
Intercropping can lead to poorer yields. The crops may not be compatible. The crops may actually compete for the same nourishment and of course water, which may lead to an unmanageable conflict. It is possible that both crops don’t yield enough produce.