My Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=o5GB1AwAAAAJ&hl=en
My ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim_Noori
1. Mohammed, B. K. and I. M. Noori (2008). Effect of Irrigation Levels on the Growth and Yield of Olive Trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Ashrasie). Journal of Kirkuk University-Scientific Studies, 3 (1): 169-183.
https://iasj.rdd.edu.iq/journals/uploads/2024/12/31/025ea4f9cb74d9a3f14b34cdf78ef267.pdf
Abstract: This study was performed at olive orchard at the Engineering College, University of Salahaddin-Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq, during the growing season 2000-2001, on a sandy silty loam soil. The objectives of this study were to find out the responses of olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Ashrasie) to five irrigation frequencies (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) during drought season and to determine their effects on tree growth and yield. Numbers of replicates were three trees as a replicate. Forty-five trees of fourteen years old, Ashrasie cultivar were used, each nine uniform size trees distributed randomly among the 5 treatments in RCBD experiment. Irrigation treatments carried out at monthly intervals during the dry season, starting on June 1, by constant amounts of water for each treatment up to reach 60 cm soil depth to field capacity, using basin irrigation method. Irrigation treatments resulted significant increases in the shoot elongation and thickening percentages, leaf area at harvest, fruit yield and quality characteristics. As well as oil contents. The highest values of shoot elongation and thickening percentages were achieved when three irrigation treatments were used, while the best results of each leaf area at harvest, as well as oil content fruit quality characteristics such as fruit weight and size, pulp/stone ratio, were obtained from fourth irrigation treatment.
2. Ali, J. J. M.; F. M. Hama Salieh and I. M. Noori (2011). Investment of natural plant resources for water harvest by invention of a new grafting technique. Journal of Koya University. No. 20. September 2011: 3-18.
Abstract: A study was carried out during two successive years, 2009 and 2010, at Azmar mountain, Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The objective of this study was to obtain tthe beneficial advantages of natural resources, including wild trees which are distinguished by their resistance against improper environmental conditions such as drought. For this purpose, commercial cultivars of irrigated fruit trees (loquat, selected hawthorn, Harme Naska pear and Badhinjani plum) which require about 720 mm (7200 m3/ha/year) were used as scions and wild trees (hawthorns, pears and cherries) grown naturally in the region were used as rootstocks under rainfed condition. A new technique of budding namely pipe-budding was used for budding of the trees in addition to traditional T-budding. The percents of bud-take successes were recorded after two months of the budding operations, whereas the observations on different growth parameters were recorded at the end of the season. Significant influences of the interaction of budding time and method on budding success percentage and subsequent growth characteristics were observed. The maximum value of percent budding success (81.53%) was recorded when pipe-budding was done on mid-May, followed by pipe-budding on early-June (55.80%). Pipe-budding caused the best results of budding in all combinations. Pipe-budding performed on mid-May gave the higher values of budding success, budshoot length, budshoot diameter and the number of leaves per budshot in the majority of studied combinations. These results emphasize that pipe-budding is is a promising budding technique for utilization of natural resources for being used by farmers both in mountains and marginal areas under rainfed condition or complementary irrigation according to the prevailed environmental conditions in any region to ensure the expansion and maintenance of orchards in spite of expected coming improper environmental conditions such as drought and/or rainfall shortage. Furthermore, harvesting of about 7200 m3/ha/year could be achieved through thr capability of fruit production under dry farming conditions.
3. Ali, J. J. M.; I. M. Noori and F. M. Hama Salieh (2012). Utilization of wild pears rootstocks as a natural resource for loquat production under rainfed condition in Sulaimani governorate. Tikrit University Journal of Humanities, 19 (3): 1-12.
https://www.academia.edu/download/58624778/3_March_2012.pdf
Abstract: A study was conducted during the spring season of 2009, at Azmar mountain, Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The commercial cultivar of loquat was used as scion and wild pear trees of 25-30 years old, grown naturally in the region were used as rootstock. The treatments consisted of two budding methods (T-budding and pipe-budding) performed during three dates (mid May, early June and mid June). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications and twenty buds per replication. Least significant difference (LSD, P≤0.05) was used for mean separation. The percentages of bud-take successes were recorded after two months of the budding operations, whereas the observations on different growth parameters were recorded at the end of the season. Significant influence of the interaction of budding method and budding time on budding success percentage and subsequent growth characteristics of loquat budded on wild pear rootstock were observed. The maximum value of the percentages of budding success (68.20%) was recorded when pipebudding was done on mid-May, followed by pipe-budding on early-June (65%) and then pipe-budding on mid-June (55.00%). Budding time-method interaction also resulted in the occurrence of significant differences in the length of budshoots, and the number of leaves per budshoot. Pipe-budding performed on mid-May gave higher values of budshoot length and the number of leaves per budshoot (8.6 cm, and 7.03), respectively. No significant differences were observed in budshoot diameter due to budding time-method interaction. These results confirm that wild pears can be used as a good rootstock for loquat production either as a drought resistant rootstock under rainfed condition which means entirely depending on rainfall, thus harvesting of about 7000 m3/ha/year or as dwarfing rootstock for high density plantation systems in the plains such as Shahrazoor, Kalar, Kifri and Kirkuk, this will be a substantial challenge against ongoing drought years toward the region.
4. Ali, J. J. M., F. M. Hama Salieh and I. M. Noori (2012). Utilization of wild hawthorn rootstock for water harvesting under rainfed condition in Sulaimani governorate. Tikrit University Journal of Humanities, 19 (5): 121-133.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Noori/publication/236982220_Utilization_of_Wild_Hawthorn_Rootstock_for_Water_Harvesting_under_Rainfed_Condition_in_Sulaimani_Governorate/links/0deec51aa668bace67000000/Utilization-of-Wild-Hawthorn-Rootstock-for-Water-Harvesting-under-Rainfed-Condition-in-Sulaimani-Governorate.pdf
Abstract: A study was conducted during two successive growing seasons 2009 and 2010 at Azmar mountain, Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The commercial cultivar of loquat was used as scion and hawthorn trees of 25-30 years old, grown naturally in the region were used as rootstock. The treatments consisted of three dates (mid May, early June and mid June) of grafting loquats onto wild howthorn trees during two successive seasons (2009 and 2010). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications and twenty buds per replication. Least significant difference (LSD, P≤0.05) was used for mean separation. The percents of bud-take successes were recorded after two months of the budding operations, whereas the observations on different growth parameters were recorded at the end of the seasons. Significant influence of the interaction of budding season and budding time on budding success percentage and subsequent growth characteristics of loquat budded on hawthorn rootstock were observed. The maximum value of percent budding success (80.00%) was recorded when budding was done on mid-May 2010, followed by budding on mid-May 2009 (79.30%). Budding time-season interaction also resulted in the occurrence of highly significant differences in the length, budshoot diameter and the number of leaves per budshoot. Budding performed on mid-May 2010 gave the higher values of budshoot length and the number of leaves per budshoot (19.3 cm and 20.1), respectively. However, the higher value of budshoot diameter (12.2 mm) was obtained from budding performed on mid-May 2009. The results show that it is possible to graft irrigated economical fruit such as loquat which require about 700 mm rainfall /year or 7000 m3 water/ha/year on natural wild hawthorn rootstock under rain fed conditions without irrigations which means entirely depending on rainfall. Consequently the graftage results in water harvesting of about 7000 m3 water/ha/year and makes people more interested in using wild hawthorn rootstocks which resist severe ecosystems of shallow and rocky soils for fruit production under rain fed conditions .At the same time, it encourage people to maintains the natural plant resources of the region which is one of the greates national resources in the Iraqi – Kurdistan region. Moreover expanding of horticultural area is possible in margining area of the region.
5. Noori, I. M. (2014). Using Hawthorn as a Promising Rootstock for Plums. Journal of Sulaimani University-Part A, Special Issue, Vol. 16: 117-123.
Abstract: This study was conducted during 2011, at Darbandi Zirgwez, locating between some peaks of Gilazarda mountain, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The local variety of plum (Haluzha Qadiri) was used as scion and hawthorn trees grown naturally in the region as rootstock. Two budding methods (T-budding and pipe-budding) performed during three dates (mid May, early June and mid June). A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, twenty buds per replication and the least significant difference test (LSD, P≤0.05) were used for means separation. The percents of bud-take successes were recorded after two months from budding times, whereas the observations on subsequent growth parameters were recorded at the end of the season. Pipe budding gave the higher significant values of budding success (67.82%) and scion growth diameter (8.88 mm). Budding on mid-May resulted in signigicant values of budding success (65.42%), scion growth length (15.75 cm) and the number of leaves per scion growth (14.57). The maximum value of percent budding success (81.8%) was recorded when pipebudding was done on mid-May. In addition, significant differences in the length (16.2 cm) and diameter (8.93 mm) of scion growths, and the number of leaves per scion growth (16.03) were resulted from the same interaction.
6. Ali, J. J. M.; S. H. Amin; S. O. Rashed and I. M. Noori (2015). Utilizing the Olive Trees for Developing Green Area in Kurdistan. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR), 6 (4): 92-99.
https://www.academia.edu/download/81483648/IJAAR-V6No4-p92-99.pdf
Abstract: Olive trees native to the Middle East and Iraqi Kurdistan region, it can survive severe ecosystems including sandy and rocky soils with high calcite content and extreme temperature fluctuations between -7 °C up to +45 °C giving yields even with minimum rainfall requirement. Results show that olive is currently grown in a very limited area of less than 250 ha, under drip irrigation system, which mostly depended on supply of water from ground water in Sulaymaniyah governorate. In contrast, 90% of the world’s olive is dependent on precipitation. In addition, olive can grow and survive minimum rainfall of 300 mm and give satisfactory yields with rainfall of 500 mm without irrigation. The majority of olive fields were established in best fertile agricultural lands. Meanwhile, the aforementioned lands are rich with montmorillonite, which swells when it is moisten and shrinks when it is dry. Therefore, resulting in deep cracks in the soil which causes breaking down of the roots and weakening of the trees. The total rainfall in Sulaymaniyah governorate, during the last 72 years (1941 to 2013), had dropped down below the minimum rainfall requirements for olive growing. This makes olive trees suitable and economic for utilizing sandy and rocky soils. Therefore, olive has a great role in the re-vegetation process of severe ecosystems and should be included in any program of renewing the Kurdistan region forest and developing green area which encourage the tourism in the Region and helping in beautifying and purifying the atmosphere from the poisonous gases.
7. Ali, J. J. M.; I. M. Noori; S. J. Hama and S. O. Rashed (2015). Water harvesting through utilization of wild almond as rootstocks for production of peach, apricot and plum under dry land farming in Sulaymaniyah region. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering and Technology (IJISET), 2 (8): 705-724.
https://ijiset.com/vol2/v2s8/IJISET_V2_I8_92.pdf
Abstract: This study was carried out at Goizha mountains, Sulaymaniyah city, Kurdistan region-Iraq, under dry farming (rainfed) condition in June, 2011 for the purpose of utilizing wild almond as a rootstock for production of apricot, peach and plum by utilizing shallow, rocky and eroded soils which comprises more than 20% of the lands of Iraqi Kurdistan region. Moreover, dryland area comprise more than 85% of agricultural lands, therefore utilization of this area is of great Importance. The results show that it is possible to graft some orchard fruits such as apricot, peach and plum which give yield only under regular irrigation with weekly irrigation of 500 m3/ha or about 700 mm rainfall/year or 7000 m3 water/ha/year on natural wild almond rootstock under dry farming conditions without irrigations which means entirely depending on rainfall. Consequently the grafting results in water harvesting of about 7000 m3 water/ha/year and makes people more interested in using wild almond rootstocks which resist severe ecosystems of the above mentioned types of soils for fruit production under dry farming conditions. At the same time, it helps in retarding desertification and facing drought years which are considered as one of the greatest problems of current time and in the distant future in the region which result in low production and loss of vegetation. Moreover, planting grafted wild almond rootstocks provides the facility of a forestation for exploitation of the above mentioned types of soils in marginal areas as well as retarding desertification and even expanding the orchard area under supplementary irrigation in the plains.
8. Noori, I. M.; F. K. Ahmad; R. R. Aziz and A. A. Mohammed (2019). Propagation of Pistachio Pistacia vera L. by Air Layering under the Effects of IBA and GA3 Treatments. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 13 (2): 2001-2004.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4397855
Abstract: This research was conducted in the College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region/ Iraq, to study the possibility of propagation of pistachio Pistacia vera cv. Batoury by air layering through treating the girdling wounds with IBA, and spray of layered shoots with IBA and GA3. The experiment was laid out by RCBD design with three replications on six trees. 20000 ppm IBA applied to the girdling wounds of layered shoots gave values of rooting percentage (63%), root number (4.6), root length (5.7 cm) and survival percentage (80%), while control gave no rooting. The rooting percentage of (33.4%) was achieved from layered shoots without spray and from those sprayed by 25 and 50 ppm IBA. A survival percentage of (50%) was achieved from layered shoots sprayed by 25, 50 ppm IBA and 30 ppm GA3 . Interaction of 20000 ppm IBA treatment of girdling wound with 25 and 50 ppm IBA spray of layered shoots and without spray gave (70%) rooting percentage. 20000 ppm IBA treatment of girdling wound with spray of layered shoots by 25, 50 ppm IBA and 30 ppm GA3 showed the highest (100%) survival percentage.
9. Noori, I. M. and A. A. Mohammed (2020). Rooting of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] hardwood cuttings as affected by IBA concentration and substrate pH. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 22 (1): 33-37.
https://www.horticultureresearch.net/title.php?a=787
Abstract: In order to study the effects of four IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1) and three substrate pH levels [pH 5, 7 and 9] on rooting of hardwood cuttings of peach cv. Red May, experiment were conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani/Kurdistan,Iraq. The experiment was laid down in a factorial RCBD with three replications. Comparison among means was done using Duncan’s multiple range test (P≤0.05). Rooting and callusing percentage, root number, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot diameter, leaf number, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight were examined. The highest rooting percentage (40 %) was achieved from 2000 mg L-1 IBA. However, effects of IBA levels were not significant on callusing. Control gave no rooting and other root traits. Effects of the IBA concentration on vegetative traits were not different with each other except shoot diameter and leaf number. Shoot diameter and leaf number were the highest (1.12 mm and 4.51, respectively) at 2000 mg L-1 IBA. Rooting and other parameters were the best in pH 5 and 7 substrates. Substrate pH 9 gave minimum rooting and other parameters. Effects of interactions between the two factors showed that cuttings treated with 2000 mg L-1 IBA and planted in pH 7 substrate gave the highest (60 %) rooting percentage, and cuttings dipped in 1000 mg L-1 IBA and planted in pH 7 substrate gave the best other root traits. Interaction effects of the two factors on shoot traits showed that the maximum shoot traits were observed at interaction between 2000 mg L-1 IBA and pH 5 substrate.
10. Mohammed, A. A.; R. R. Aziz; F. K. Ahmad; I. M. Noori and T. A. Ahmad (2020). Rooting capacity of hardwood cuttings of some fruit trees in relation to cutting pattern. Journal of University of Duhok, 23 (1): 1-6.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.04953 OR https://doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.1.1
Abstract: study two cut patterns in hardwood cuttings of (Cydonia oblonga), (Punica granatum) and (Ficus carica). The cuttings have been cut either straight with different internode stub lengths [0 (just onto the basal node as control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 cm below the basal node], or slant with 45° angle for each length mentioned above (except the first length (0 cm). Effect of the basal cut directions on rooting percentage and other shoot and root characteristics were not significantly different, while the effect of slant cut pattern on one-side rooting at the basal margin observed in some quince cuttings but it was rarely observed in pomegranate and fig cuttings. Quince cuttings gave no different rooting percentage and other shoot and root characteristics significantly with different internode stub lengths. While, internode stub 1 and 2 cm in pomegranate cuttings, and 0 cm in fig cuttings gave the best rooting percentages 44.44% and 100%, respectively. Also, interaction effects of the two factors on rooting percentage and other shoot and root characteristics were just significantly different in pomegranate and fig cuttings. The best rooting capacity achieved in pomegranate cuttings (49.99%) in those were cut straightly at the base with 1 and 2 cm basal internode stub lengths, and fig cuttings straightly cut at the base with 0 and 1 cm basal internode stub lengths gave the highest rooting capacity (100%).
11. Mohammed, A. A.; T. A. Ahmad; I. M. Noori; R. R. Aziz and F. K. Ahmad (2020). Application of baking yeast to induce rooting in hardwood cuttings of olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. Sorani. Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science, 12 (2): 274-280.
https://hal.science/hal-04045067
Abstract: This research was conducted in the open environment at the University of Sulaimani, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, to study the effect of different concentrations of baker’s yeast and soaking time on the rooting of hardwood cuttings of olive Olea europaea L. cv. Sorani. The hardwood cuttings of olive were soaked in (1, 2, 3 and 4 gL-) yeast concentrations for two different soaking times (1 hr. or 2 hrs.). The cuttings soaked in 2 gL-yeast gave the highest values of rooting percentage (43.33%), root number (3.02), root length (12.78 cm), shoot diameter (2.19 mm), sprout bud number (4.27) and IAA content (123.61 µg mL-). Inversely, the soaking time had no significant effects on studied parameters except IAA content which gave the higher significant value (119.01 µg mL-) in cuttings soaked in yeast concentrations for 1 hour. As for interaction of yeast concentrations with soaking times, the cuttings soaked in 2 gL- yeast for 2 hours showed the maximum rooting percentage (46.66%) and root length (14.02 cm), while interaction of the same yeast concentration with 1 hour soaking gave the higher means of number of roots (4.05), number of sprout bud (4.33) and IAA content (145.37 µg mL-). Moreover, shoot diameter gave the highest mean (2.46 mm) due to the interaction of 4 gL- yeast with 1 hour soaking.
12. Aziz, R. R.; F. M. Hama Salih and I. M. Noori (2023). Performance of grafting loquats combined onto loquat and quince rootstocks on different dates. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 14 (3): 269-279.
https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_180456.html
Abstract: This study was carried out during February 20 to July 1, 2023, at the lath house in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, and aimed to investigate the impact of rootstock type and grafting time on grafting success of loquat on two rootstocks, loquat and quince, which were used for grafting the local selection cultivar of loquat at three different times (February 20, March 10, and March 30) during the dormant season. The experiment was laid down in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), involving 6 treatments, each with 5 grafts and 3 replications, resulting in 90 grafts. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were separated using Duncan's multiple range tests (P≤0.05). The loquat and quince rootstocks were grown through seed sowing and cuttings, respectively. Cleft grafting was employed as the grafting method, ensuring the cambium layers of the scion and stock in contact. Grafting success percentage, shoot length, shoot diameter, number of leaves per budling, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Results showed that loquat rootstock exhibited a significantly higher grafting success percentage (97.78%) compared to quince rootstock (84.44%). Regarding vegetative traits, loquat rootstock resulted in significantly longer shoots (11.74 cm) compared to quince rootstock (8.08 cm). The same rootstock showed a higher number of leaves per budling (8.47) and chlorophyll content (43.82 SPAD). Also, the highest significant grafting success percentage (100%) was achieved from the combination of loquat rootstock and two grafting times (February 20 and March 30). The combination of rootstock type and grafting time led to varying shoot characteristics.
13. Ahmad, F. K. and I. M. Noori (2023). Evaluation of genetic diversity of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Sulaymaniyah governorate using morphological, pomological and ISSR molecular marker. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences (TJAS), 23 (4): 147-175.
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.23.4.13
Abstract: The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit tree that is important in the Mediterranean region, it is widely distributed in Sulaymaniyah province of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Due to a lack of information available about the genetic diversity of this plant in Iraq. Thus, in the current study, 12 morphological traits and 15 ISSR markers were used for genetic diversity analysis of 66 fig accessions. Analysis of variance recorded highly significant differences concerning plant morphological and pomological traits in addition to genetic diversity. The highest values for shoot length (79.959 cm), internode diameter (15.563 mm), leaf length (28.183 cm), leaf width (28.480 cm), leaf petiole length (13.397 cm) and leaf petiole diameter (18.360 mm) recorded in AC17, AC41, AC20, AC20, AC17 and AC24, respectively. However, the lowest values (11.120 cm, 4.340 mm, 10.910 cm, 9.813 cm, 3.987 cm and 2.323 mm) for the mentioned traits were recorded in AC14, AC12, AC12, AC12, AC37 and AC52, respectively. The highest values for fruit weight (63.447 g), fruit length (46.960 mm), fruit thickness (60.420 mm), fruit stalk length (29.887 mm), fruit stalk diameter (10.433 mm) and ostiole diameter (8.717 mm) were given by AC03, AC22, AC54, AC58, AC58 and AC14, successively. Whereas the lowest values (4.483 g, 14.770 mm, 18.497 mm, 2.373 mm, 2.533 mm and 2.557 mm) were observed in AC37, AC37, AC12, AC08, AC25 and AC30, successively. The first two principal components analysis (PCA) described 49.15% of the total quality variance. ISSR marker produced 197 polymorphic bands. The genetic diversities ranged as (0.883 to 0.980) and polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged as (0.878 to 0.979), with 100% polymorphism levels. The fig accessions classified into 10 clusters by dendrogram created by ward method. The results indicated that natural fig populations in this region provide a rich genetic resource for fig germplasms, and significant genetic variation across accessions originating from different populations, as well as the marker was informative for genetic variability detection in the collections. The findings of this study could be used in breeding processes.
14. Hawrami, I. J. B. and I. M. Noori (2024). Rooting of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) hardwood cuttings as influenced by cutting time and cutting length. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 16 (1): 33-48.
https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjas/article/view/10727
Abstract: This study was carried out during 2021-2022, in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan RegionIraq, to find out the effects of cutting time (T1: Mid-Nov., T2: Mid-Dec., T3: Mid-Jan., and T4: Mid-Feb.), cutting length (L1: 10 cm and L2: 20 cm), and their interactions on rooting and some growth parameters of blackberry Rubus fruticosus L. hardwood cuttings. The local blackberry cuttings were transplanted in a low tunnel greenhouse at Zarrayen, Sulaymaniyah governorate. Plastic pots of 28 cm radius x 26 cm height, containing a substrate (peat moss: perlite: builder’s sand with a 1:1:1 v/v ratio) were used, and 6 cuttings were planted as a replicate out of three replicates. The experimental design was laid out in a factorial complete randomized design (CRD), the data were subjected to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test (P≤0.05). After 90 days, the results showed that T1 was significantly superior in rooting (95.83%), shoot dry weight (2.03 g), shoot length (24.68 cm), and average leaf area (2.22 cm2). L2 cuttings recorded the highest significant values of rooting (96.87%), shoot dry weight (1.83 g), root dry weight (0.56 g), shoot length (25.49 cm), number of lateral branches per cutting (18.52), and average leaf area (2.19 cm2). The interaction (T1+L2) was significantly superior in rooting (98.61%), shoot dry weight (3.02 g), shoot length (28.41 cm), root length (51.04 cm), and average leaf area (2.47 cm2).
15. Noori, I. M. (2024). Estimating chilling and growing degree hours related to deciduous fruit production in Kurdistan region-Iraq. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 16 (1): 189-211.
https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjas/article/view/13890
Abstract: This study was carried out to estimate the annual chilling and heat accumulation in Kurdistan region-Iraq using three different models; chilling hours (CH), chilling units (CU) and chilling portions (CP), as well as estimating the accumulated growing degree hours (GDH) using the ChillR Package, Version 0.72.8 based on daily maxima and minima temperatures of 170 locations for 40 years (1983-2022) downloaded from NASA. The results showed that in Kurdistan region, the chilling hours with 7 classes ranged from 335 CH in Shahreban (Diyala) to 1083 CH in Amedi, Deraluk, Dinarte, Kani Masi, and Shiladize (Duhok), and Barzan (Erbil), with an average of 886 CH. The chilling units (CU, Utah Model) with 6 classes ranged from 507 CU (Shahreban, Diyala) to 1135 CU (Hizawa, Duhok), with an average of 927 CU. However, the chilling portions with 7 classes ranged from 30.0 CP in Shahreban to 58.3 CP in Ahmad Awa, Khurmal, Penjwin, Sirwan, and Zalm (Salaymaniyah), with an average of 49.5 CP. Growing degree hours with 7 classes ranged from 1136 GDH Choman, Galala, Haji Omaran and Samilan (Erbil) to 8564 GDH in Shahreban, with an average of 3256 GDH. All models were strongly correlated with location parameters, the highest strong correlations were found between each CP and GDH with AAT. The observations emphasized that both CU and CP models are more accurate than CH model for estimation of chilling and growing degree hours (units) in Kurdistan region-Iraq.
16. Salih, K. O., Mohammed, A. A. and Noori, I. M. (2024). Rooting of thornless blackberry cuttings as induced by the extract of white willow (Salix alba L.) shoots collected in different times. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 15 (1): 170-181.
https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_182719.html
Abstract: The aqueous extract of Salix spp contains many compounds which may act as root-promoting agents in cuttings. S. alba is a deciduous tree containing variable phytochemicals which are variable throughout the year. So, in this study, one- and two-year-old shoots of S. alba were collected on the 15th of each month in the year 2022, extracted in 2% ethanol at 9 g.L-1, and placed in a water bath at 35 °C, then they applied to thornless blackberry cuttings for 1.5 hr. The results explained that the highest rooting percentage (66.67%) was obtained in the cuttings soaked in the extract of willow shoots collected on 15th of January. They were not significantly different from control cuttings, but they were different from the cuttings soaked in the extract of willow shoots collected on 15th of August and October (33.33%). The majority of other shoot and root traits were high in the cuttings soaked in the extract of willow shoots collected on 15th of December. The willow shoots collected on 15th of January contained the lowest total phenols (51.4 µg.mL-1) and total flavonoids (29.07 µg.mL-1). Moreover, the highest total phenols (57 µg.mL-1) and IAA (365.17 µg.mL-1) were recorded in the willow shoots collected on 15th of March, however each total flavonoids (44.96 µg.mL-1) and salicylic acid (492.61 µg.mL-1) were the highest in the willow shoots collected on 15th of April. Generally, based on rooting percentage, it is advisable to collect willow shoots on 15th of January and February for extraction and application to the thornless blackberry cuttings.
17. Aziz, R. R.; F. M. Hama Sailh and I. M. Noori (2024). Rooting of hardwood cuttings of quince Cydonia oblonga L. as influenced by IBA and rooting substrate. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 16 (3): 24-40.
https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjas/article/view/11298
Abstract: This research was conducted in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, to investigate the effect of different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-) and rooting media (river-sand, river sand/peat moss, and perlite/peat moss) on rooting success of hardwood cuttings of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications inside a lath-house. The parameters of rooting%, root number, root length (cm), root dry weight (g), shoot length (cm), shoot diameter (mm), shoot dry weight (g), number of leaves per seedling, leaf area (cm2), and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD unit) were measured. The effect of individual factors showed that rooting and other traits of rooted cuttings were independent of IBA effect. The highest rooting percentage (62.50%) was achieved in the control cuttings, as well as improved other traits. Also, the best rooting (64.58%) was found in the cuttings planted in river sand medium. Interaction effects of the two factors showed that control cuttings which planted in river-sand gave the highest rooting (70.83%), and the highest other root and shoot traits. River-sand and river sand/peat moss were outstanding for the quince cuttings, but IBA was not needed at the concentrations used in this study.
18. Ahmad, F. K. and I. M. Noori (2024). Phytochemical analysis and SCoT molecular marker used to determine genetic diversity of many fig accessions distributed in various locations of Sulaymaniyah province. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 16 (4): 86-118.
https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjas/article/view/12074
Abstract: Sulaymaniyah province, Kurdistan region, Iraq, is home to a large collection of wild and domesticated fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasms. But a lot of these valuable genetic resources have yet to be recognized or categorized by molecular markers. In this study, the identification and classification of 66-fig germplasms were done using phytochemical traits and SCoT (Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism) molecular marker. Total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugar contents (SSC), total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity by DPPH all showed a large significant variation. There were 232 bands altogether, ranging from 13 bands for the SCoT03, SCoT12, SCoT14, SCoT15, and SCoT33, to 19 bands for the SCoT20. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.737 (SCoT3) to 0.983 in (SCoT21). The major allele frequency values ranged from 0.030 (SCoT21) to 0.500 (SCoT3). The number of alleles varied from 32 in SCoT3 to 63 alleles in SCoT21. The Marker index (MI) values ranged between 9.58 in SCoT3 and 18.67 in SCoT21. As well as, 15 SCoT primers were used to determine genetic diversity. The principal component analysis indicated that the fig accessions divided into 7.0 association groups. The dendrogram created by ward method classified the fig accessions into 5.0 clusters. Phytochemicals and SCoT marker data showed a wide range of diversity, with significant genetic variation across accessions originating from different populations. The conclusions of this study could aid in the conservation and further use of fig germplasms.
19. Salih, S. R., Salih, F. M. H. and Noori, I. M. (2024). Shotberry phenomenon in olive trees (Olea europaea L.): A review. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2 (6): 896-907.
https://ejtas.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1365
Abstract: Shotberry olive fruits are those of small, usually seedless which express quantitative parthenocarpy. They either fall before harvest or when harvested, they will be of a low commercial value. Consequently, the increased occurrence of shotberries has a negative effect on fruit and oil contents and can extremely affect the commercial yield of olive orchards. Researchers have proposed that temperature, low pollen viability, self-pollination, or deprived pollination in general promote shotberry formation in olive trees. It is observed that the onset of parthenocarpic (shotberry) phenomenon is a growth occurred in olive which is accompanied by the expansion of all four ovules, in contrast to the selection and growth of a single functional ovule in normal fertilized ovaries. However, abnormal ovule development, such as incomplete embryo sac formation, is not appeared to be a cause of shotberry formation. Furthermore, low or high temperatures, depending on the growing region, may play a role in shotberry formation. Besides, self- and cross-pollination alter the ratio of seedless fruit bearing in most varieties, and cross-pollination is known to improve seeded fruit set and reduce the incidence of worthless shotberries. The olive yield produced from shotberries is caused by self-incompatibility and/or inter-incompatibility, which indicates that pollination is insufficient in the olive orchard. Some varieties show different fruit sizes that produced from fertilized flowers and shotberries. It is also clearly observed that the sole spray application of Boron (B) or its combination with nitrogen (N) significantly decrease shotberry fruits and the level of fruit abscission; however, zinc (Zn) may also play a role in decreasing shotberry at a certain concentration. Furthermore, when polyamines (PAs) such as putrescine (Put) were applied at full bloom, they were very effective in decreasing the percentage of olive shotberries and increasing the percentage of normal fruits. This review describes some olive shotberry aspects and reasons.
20. Mohammed, A. A., and Noori, I. M. (2025). Germination capacity of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seeds related to genotypic variation and phytochemical contents. Fruit Crops Science Journal, 1: e572.
https://www.scielo.br/j/fruit/a/jC63YyPJzbYC5hjLbwPBQnw/?lang=en
Abstract: Genetic diversity and phytochemical components are the endogenous factors that influence seed germination. The current study aimed to compare the seed germination capacity of 15 Pistacia vera genotypes after assessing their genotypic variation using 32 primers (16 ISSR and 16 RAPD) and phytochemical contents. The obtained results explained that the ISSR primers classified the 15 P. vera genotypes into four groups, while the RAPD primers classified them into three groups. The genotypes G11, G5, G1, G9, G6, G14, and G10 had the highest germination percentages (98.89, 97.67, 96.67, 94.44, 93.33, 93.33, and 91.11%), respectively. Additionally, their germination speeds were also the highest. However, the lowest germination percentages (62.22 and 68.59%) were recorded in G8 and G4, respectively. Meanwhile, (G9, G10, and G11), (G1 and G14), and (G5 and G6) were identified together in the same group in accordance with both ISSR and RAPD primers. Also, G4 and G8 were in the same subgroup based on RAPD primers. Moreover, the maximum percent protein values (21.88, 21.88, and 20.78%) were measured in the seed kernels of G9, G11, and G1, respectively. Soluble sugar content was the best (798.9 μg g-1) in G11. The best percentage of oil (45.3%) was observed in G5.