Elevated concentrations of lead in particles were observed in New Delhi, India determined by single particle analysis. Two representative lead-containing particles with distinct morphology were identified: a spherical particles and fractal agglomerate, shown in the below figure. The unorganized lead-acid battery recycling process industries was identified as the primary source of the lead-containing particles. This specific anthropogenic activity was not revealed by previous bulk particle analysis in New Delhi. The findings of this study can provide input as a part of future efforts to evaluate the exposure to lead-containing particles citywide in New Delhi.

• Craig, R. L. and Ault, A. P.* “Aerosol Acidity: Direct Measurement from a Spectroscopic Method” ACS Book Multiphase Environmental Chemistry in the Atmosphere, accepted. 

• Craig, R. L.G; Bondy, A. L.G; Ault, A. P.* Computer-Controlled Raman Microspectroscopy (CC-Raman): A Method for the Rapid Characterization of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Aerosol Science & Technology, 2017, 51(9), 1099-1112.

• Ault, A. P.* and Axson, J. L.P; Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Advances; Analytical Chemistry, 2017, 89(1), 430-452. Included in the special issue "Fundamental and Applied Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2017".

• Rindelaub, J. D.†; Craig, R. L.†,G; Nandy, L.; Bondy, A. L.G; Dutcher, C. S.; Shepson, P. B. Ault, A. P.* Direct Measurement of pH in Individual Particles via Raman Microspectroscopy and Variation in Acidity with Relative Humidity. Journal of Physical Chemistry - A, 2016, 120(6), 911-917.