The ultimate goal of fundamental research is to translate new discoveries into real-world applications. In order to do this, our lab is working on developing innovative RNA-based fungicides for crop protection using the mechanism of Environmental RNAi. Environmental RNAi was initially discovered in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our lab discovered that some fungal pathogens, including B. cinerea, can also efficiently take up RNAs from the environment. Uncovering the currently unknown precise mechanisms of fungal RNA uptake is a key aspect of our lab’s current research goals.
The discovery that environmental RNAi is present in fungi inspired us to develop spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) to control fungal pathogens. In SIGS techniques, fungal gene targeting RNAs are externally applied to both pre- and post-harvest crops in order to inhibit fungal disease formation. This technique can successfully reduce B. cinerea symptoms in postharvest plant materials including, flowers, leaves, and fruits. It has also successfully reduced disease in plants infected by S. sclerotiorum and F. graminearum. We are actively working towards plant protection against other aggressive fungal pathogens.
RNA is an attractive eco-friendly fungicide because it is already present in most of our food and can be easily digested by animals, whereas traditional pesticides often leave toxic residues in the environment and can be harmful to animals. However, a major hurdle of RNA-based fungicide is its relative instability in the environment. To combat these limitations, we developed lipid and nanoparticle-based strategies to protect RNAs from environmental decay to ensure effective SIGS. Ultimately, we hope to develop an RNA-based next generation of antifungals for crop protection, which could also be adapted for human health applications.