Gilded Age
Us HistoryWabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois:
a case that went through the Supreme Court where they ruled that the federal government would regulate interstate commerce not the individual states to which Congress would pass the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887.
Interstate Commerce Act:
an act passed in 1887 which prohibited polls and rebates for railroad companies and and forced the railways to post their rates openly. This was a Congress's reaction to the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois.
Vertical Integration:
Andrew Carnegie's tactic, to increase efficiency, of putting all steps of the manufacturing into one organization that took the materials from the mine, created the various items, and took them all the way to the market. Horizontal integration tried to increase efficiency as well along with Vertical Integration.
Horizontal Integration:
the idea of allying with the competitors in the same market to create a monopoly for the specific area to increase efficiency. This was set up alongside the Vertical Integration.
Trust:
a "device" or means that was created by Rockefeller to keep the bothersome rivals in check for the Horizontal Integration.
Interlocking Directorates:
Pierpoint Morgan scheme for eliminating "wasteful" competition by joining "bleeding business people" with larger business's by consolidating the rival business's and placing a officer of his own banking system on the board of director, which was a measure alongside the Vertical Integration and Horizontal Integration.
Standard Oil Company:
John D. Rockefeller's second step after the Horizontal Integration and the use of the Trust in which he created a oil company to squeeze out all competitors and to just get rid of the middlemen.
Social Darwinists:
a theorist idea that individual people won their stations in life by competing against each other by using their natural talents which means the rich had demonstrated greater power compared to the poor.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act:
a law that was intended to control the trusts of a business to make sure there was no restraint in trade, but there was no distinction between a "good or bad" trust so it had no effect except on labor unions and labor combinations.
National Labor Union:
one of the first Unions that went to a national-scale in either America or Europe that aimed to unify workers along trades and locales to challenge the ever increasing powerful bosses that worked for. This Union lasted six years and was followed up by the Knights of Labor.
Knights of Labor:
a union that began in secret in 1869,that would follow up the National Labor Union, that sought to include all forms of workers, male or female as well as all races, and only barred "non-producers". This union worked for social and economic reform.
Haymarket Square:
a bloody episode, that was partly caused by the Knights of Labor, that broke out due to labor disorders where on March 4, 1886 Chicago police marched to stop a protest of alleged brutalities by authorities in which many were killed and hysteria followed.
American Federation of Labor (AF of L):
an elitist labor union created in 1886 after the National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor and formed around Samuel Gompers that contained an association of many national labor unions that governed themselves.
Closed Shop:
a goal of Samuel Gompers, leader of the American Federation of Labor, of a trade agreement where there was all-union labor for the workforce.
USH.2A identify the major characteristics that define an historical era;
USH.2B identify the major eras in U.S. history from 1877 to the present and describe their defining characteristics;
USH.2C apply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods;
USH.3B analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, the cattle industry boom, the rise of entrepreneurship,free enterprise, and the pros and cons of big business;
USH.3C analyze social issues affecting women, minorities, children, immigrants, urbanization, the Social
Gospel, and philanthropy of industrialists
USH.24B evaluate the contributions of significant political and social leaders in the United States such as Andrew Carnegie, Thurgood Marshall, Billy Graham, Barry Goldwater, Sandra Day O'Connor, and Hillary Clinton
USH.15B describe the changing relationship between the federal government and private business, including the costs and benefits of laissez-faire, anti-trust acts, the Interstate Commerce Act, and the Pure Food and Drug Act
USH.27A explain the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as electric power, telephone and satellite communications, petroleum-based products, steel production, and computers on the economic development of the United States;
P: 29A, 29B, 29D, 29G, 29H, 30B, 31B