A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, teacher, aunt, uncle, day, happiness.
A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, October, Los Osos, Morro Bay, Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters. Example: We went to visit Uncle Fred's house last weekend. (Uncle is used as his name). NOT an example: I went to visit my uncle's house last weekend. (Uncle is used to DESCRIBE not as part of their actual name.
A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and to things that exist physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include dog, building, coffee, tree, rain, beach, tune.
An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions - things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time, love, friendship, humour. Example: My heart filled with joy when I heard received a call from my best friend. My happiness is more important than how much money I make.