Unit 6: DNA replication and Protein Synthesis

Learning Target #22: We will classify mutations as substitution, point, frameshift, insertion, or deletion.

Learning Target #23: We will classify the consequences of mutations as silent, nonsense, or missense to explain if the phenotype may be affected.

Learning Target #24: We will classify chromosomal mutations.

Learning Target #25: We will explain why chromosomal mutations tend to be more problematic for organisms.

Learning Target #26: We will describe the purpose of different types of biotechnology such as GMO, PCR, and DNA fingerprinting.

Topics in this unit include:

-Structure of DNA and RNA

-Process of DNA replication

-Process of Protein synthesis

-transcription

-translation

-mutations

Essential Questions

1. How are genes expressed?
2. How and why does the cell replicate its DNA?
3. What kind of errors can occur during DNA replication?
4. How does the cell create proteins?
5. How can mutations that occur during DNA replication effect proteins and gene expression?
6. How does the central dogma related to protein synthesis?
7. How do different types of RNA help make proteins?
8. How does the structure of DNA relate to the semiconservative nature of DNA replication?
9. How does the order of DNA nucleotides relate to protein structure and function?
10. How has DNA biotechnology affected the current world?
11. How did early experiments lead to the discovery as DNA as the hereditary material?
12. How are proteins modified after production in the ribosomes?

Learning Targets

Learning Target #1: We will determine how experiments led to the discovery of DNA as hereditary material.

Learning Target #2: We will describe the structure of DNA.

Learning Target #3: We will describe the purpose of DNA replication.

Learning Target #4: We will describe the process of DNA replication.

Learning Target #5: We will relate the process of DNA replication to its semiconservative nature.

Learning Target #6: We will explain why the leading and lagging strands must be synthesized differently.

Learning Target #7: We will demonstrate the steps of DNA replication.

Learning Target #8: We will justify each step of DNA replication

Learning Target #7: We will describe the central dogma of protein synthesis and see where transcription fits into this.

Learning Target #8: We will describe the process of transcription.

Learning Target #9: We will explain why only one strand of DNA is used as a template

Learning Target #10: We will explain how transcription is regulated.

Learning Target #11: We will predict the sequence of mRNA that results from a template strand of DNA.

Learning Target #12: We will explain how RNA is modified and RNA splicing is used to prepare the mRNA for use in the ribosomes.

Learning Target #13: We will compare and contrast DNA replication and transcription.

Learning Target #14: We will describe the central dogma of protein synthesis and see where translation fits into this.

Learning Target #15: We will compare and contrast the structure and function of the three different types of RNA.

Learning Target #16: We will describe the process and purpose of translation.

Learning Target #17: We will predict amino acid sequences based on either an initial template DNA sequence, mRNA codon, or tRNA anticodon.

Learning Target #18: We will describe how secretory polypeptides will be modified as they move through other cell parts and organelles on their way to leave the cell.

Learning Target #19: We will demonstrate the steps of protein synthesis.

Learning Target #20: We will justify each step of protein synthesis.

Learning Target #21: We will describe what mutations are and the how they can occur.