1. History of the Atomic Model (ted ed video)
Dalton - billiard ball
Thomson - plum pudding, discovered electron
Rutherford - gold foil experiment (video), discovered proton
Bohr - Energy Levels of Electrons (Quantum)
2. Quantum Mechanical Model
De Broglie - wave particle duality
Heisenberg - Uncertainty Principle
Schrodinger - equation of electron probability (orbitals)
Click HERE for a great explanation of the quantum mechanical model
3. Quantum Numbers
1. principal --> energy level (n)
2. second --> shape (l) --> s, p, d, f
3. third --> magnetic (ml) -->orientation
4. fourth - spin (ms)
4. Electron Configurations
energy level diagrams, complete electron configurations, condensed electron configurations
Aufbau Principle: electrons get added lowest energy level and go up
Hund's Rule: fill the bus
Pauli's Exclusion Principle: opposite spins
Exceptions (ie. symmetry) - click HERE for a good explanation of some exceptions (this is extra, and goes beyond the course)
5. Lewis Dot Diagrams
Steps:
count valence e-
place electrons in bond (lest EN in middle, look for symmetry, H always on end)
fill valence shell of outer atoms
fill valence shell of central atoms
move electrons into double or triple bonds to make octets
Exceptions:
expanded octet
contracted octet
resonance structures
6. VSEPR
Click HERE for a great 3D molecule simulation
Polarity:
EN difference 0.4-1.7
non-symmetrical
7. INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES
London Dispersion
Dipole-Dipole
Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-dipole
Ion induced dipole
Dipole induced dipole
Effect on properties: melting point, boiling point, vapour pressure
8. CRYSTAL TYPES
Ionic Crystals
Molecular Crystals
Covalent Crystals
Metallic Crystals
Amorpohous Solids